BIO CH: 41-42

competition

neither organism benefits (-/-)

predation

one benefits at the cost of another (+/-)

parasitism

one is harmed while the other is hosted and benefits (+/-)

mutualism

both benefit from relationship (+/+)

Batesian Mimicry

non-poisonus mimics patterns/colors of poisonus animal without producing poison

Mullerian Mimicry

similar coloration and patterns, 2 poisonus animals

Competitive exclusion principle

no 2 similar species can occupy the same niche at the same time

niche

the role an organism plays in a community

according the competitive exclusion principle, what happens when two species with the same niche compete for a resource

extinction of one of the species will occur

key stone species

an organism that helps define/support an entire ecosystem

what happens when a keystone species is remmoved from a community

community falls apart, invasive species takeover, over populated with certain species…etc

primary succession

newly expose/formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time (CREATES NEW SOIL)

secondary succession

an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonized following the disturbance (HAS OLD SOIL)

Identify four common tropic levels in ecosystems

Plant, primary consumers (herbivore), secondary consumers (carnivore), tertiary consumers (top predators)

Net productivity (NPP)

the amount of organic substance stored by autotrophs or producers in unit time per unit area

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

 to the amount of organic substance synthesized by the producers in unit time per unit area.

what is the 10% rule

only 10% of the energy from an organism is passed on to the next trophic level, the other 90% is lost as heat and is released into the atmosphere

Biological magnification

the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

commensalism

one organism is benefited while the other is not affected

K

carrying capacity

N

population size

t

time

r MAX

when max growth rate is needed

if rate is faster then growth is faster

types of defesnive adaptations

\-mechanical

\-chemical

\-aposematic coloration

\-cryptic coloration

\-batesian mimicry

\-mullerian mimicry