AP US History-Unit 1 Notes

Progressive Era

A period of social activism and political reform in the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Goals of the Progressive Movement

Address problems of industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and inequality.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed social problems and injustices during the Progressive Era.

Upton Sinclair

Author of 'The Jungle', which exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Jacob Riis

Wrote 'How the Other Half Lives', highlighting the living conditions of the poor.

Ida Tarbell

Investigative journalist who exposed the unethical practices of the Rockefeller company.

Temperance Movement

A social movement aimed at promoting the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption.

Susan B. Anthony

A key figure in the women's suffrage movement who fought for women's right to vote.

Jane Addams

Social reformer who opened the Hull House to help immigrants and the poor.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Leader of the NAACP who fought for African American civil rights.

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th president of the U.S., known for his progressive policies and the creation of modern America.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries.

William Howard Taft

The 27th president, known for tariff reform and the introduction of the income tax.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th president, known for his 'New Freedom' policies and leadership during WWI.

Direct Primary

An election where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office.

Referendum

A voting process where citizens can approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.

Prohibition

A nationwide ban on the production, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Nineteenth Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in the U.S.

Meat Inspection Act

Established sanitary standards for meat packing and subjected it to federal inspection.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Prohibited the manufacture and sale of mislabeled or adulterated food and drugs.

National Parks

Protected areas set aside for conservation and public enjoyment, established during the Progressive Era.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's influence through colonization or military force.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 where the U.S. intervened in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain.

Triple Alliance

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

An alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Lusitania

A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat, leading to increased tensions between the U.S. and Germany.

Zimmerman Note

A secret proposal from Germany to Mexico to join the war against the U.S.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat in WWI where soldiers fought from deep trenches.

The Bolsheviks

A faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party that seized power during the Russian Revolution.

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

Agreement that pulled Russia out of WWI in 1918.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem during the 1920s.

Jazz Age

The period in the 1920s characterized by the popularity of jazz music and dance.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s known for their bold fashion and lifestyle choices.

Prohibition Era

Period from 1920 to 1933 when the production and sale of alcohol was illegal in the U.S.

Volstead Act

The law that defined alcohol and set up enforcement of Prohibition.

Al Capone

Notorious gangster during Prohibition known for his involvement in organized crime.

Charles Lindbergh

A pilot who made the first solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris.

Scopes Monkey Trial

A 1925 trial that debated the teaching of evolution versus creationism.

Nativism

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established residents against those of immigrants.

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftism in the U.S. after WWI.

19th Amendment

Ratified in 1920, it granted women the legal right to vote.

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy that aimed to use economic power to achieve American interests abroad.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants convicted of murder; their trial was indicative of anti-immigrant sentiment.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North during the 1910s and 1920s.

Prohibition

The legal ban on the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S. from 1920-1933.

Stock Market Crash of 1929

The financial crisis that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

The Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 uprising in Russia that led to the establishment of a communist government.

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement that sought to address social issues through Christian ethics.

Adamson Act

Established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Strengthened antitrust laws and protected labor unions from prosecution.

Federal Reserve Act

Established the Federal Reserve System to regulate the U.S. monetary supply.

Environmental Justice

A movement that seeks to address environmental inequalities affecting marginalized communities.

Child Labor Laws

Legislation aimed at reducing and prohibiting the employment of minors.