CH 1: Gross Anatomy of Central and Peripheral Arterial Systems

innominate (brachiocephalic) A

first branch of aortic arch

RT CCA, subclavian A

innominate/brachiocephalic A divides into

right

the innominate/brachiocephalic A arises on what side

LT CCA

second branch off the aortic arch

LT subclavian A

third branch off of the aortic arch

thoracic outlet

left subclavian artery terminates at the

subclavian artery

runs laterally and downward to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the axillary artery as it travels along shoulder

vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, costocervical

most important branches of subclavian artery

superior, thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior and posterior humeral, thoracodorsal

the axillary artery becomes the brachial after giving off seven branches

brachial A

courses down the upper arm, ending 1cm distal to the bend of the elbow where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries

radial artery

originates from the brachial artery and travels down the lateral side of the forearm into the hand

deep palmar arch

the radial artery terminates into the ____ of the hand by joining the deepn branch of the ulnar artery

ulnar A

originates from the brachial artery and travels down the medial side of the forearm into the hand

ulnar A

predominant source of blood flow to the hand

superficial palmar (volar) arch

consists of distal portion of the ulnar artery as it continues into the hand and a branch of the radial artery

deep palmar arch

consists of deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery and distal portion of the radial artery

digital arteries

arise from palmar arches, extend into fingers

left

ascending aorta arises from ___ ventricle

RT and LT coronary arteries

ascending aorta has two branches

aortic arch

formed by the ascending AO

innominate, LT CCA, LT subc A

aortic arch gives off the three branches

descending thoracic aorta

extends downward from the aortic arch to just above the diaphragm

celiac artery

feeds the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen

SMA (superior mesenteric artery)

feeds the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, part of transverse colon

anteriorly, superior

left renal vein crosses the AO ____ and is positioned ___ to the artery

posterior

after the RRA branches off the aorta, it courses ___ to the IVC

IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)

supplies the LT half of the transverse colon, descending, iliac, sigmoid colon, part of rectum

inferior phrenic, lumbar, middle sacral

3 major parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

internal and external iliac arteries

the common iliac arteries divide into the

lumbosacral junction

the common iliac arteries divide into the internal and external iliac arteries at the level of the

pop fossa

the superficial femoral artery runs the length of the thigh and enters the

Hunter’s canal (adducttor canal)

landmark for the point at which superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery

deep femoral artery (profunda femoris)

large branch and arises 5cm from inguinal ligament on the lateral side, can act as a collateral connection

anterior tibial artery (ATA), tibioperoneal trunk, also knowns as trifurcation

at the interval between the tibia and fibula at the lower portion of the popliteus muscle, the pop A branches into the

ATA

first branch of the distal popliteal artery

DPA

ATA becomes the ___ as it passes in front of the ankle joint and is more superficial

tibioperoneal trunk

second branch of the distal popliteal artery, gives rise to PTA, pero A

posterior tibial artery (PTA)

extends obliquely down the posterior and medial side of leg, 1 of 2 branches of tibioperoneal trunk

pero A

arises at the distal end of the tibioperoneal trunk, along with the posterior tibial artery

arterioles

resistance vessels, help to regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing

capillaries

nutrients and waste products are exchanged between tissue and blood in the walls to maintain the constancy of the internal environment

vessels of microcirculation

tunica intima

innermost layer of arterial wall, thin, consists of surface layer of smooth endothelium

tunica media

intermediate layer of arterial wall, thicker, composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue

tunica externa (adventitia)

outer layer of the arterial wall

tunica externa (adventitia)

what layer of the arterial wall contains vasa vasorum

vasa vasorum

tiny vessels that carry blood to and from the walls of the larger arteries