exam five

mechanical digestion

chewing

chemical digestion

Enzymes

amalayse breaks down what

breaks down amalose (starch) and turns it into sugar.

pharynx

throat

what does acid in the stomach do

kills bacteria

why does the acid not eat the stomach

mucus layer

what does food go through

pyloric sphincter then duodenum

order of small intestine

doudenum, jejunum, ileum, (ileocecal valve)

order of large intestine

(ileocecal valve), cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.

what tube does the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder dump chemicals into

duodenum

what chemical does the pancreas dump into the duodenum

alkalin

what does alkaline do

neutralizes stomach acid

liver makes what

bile

gall bladder stores what

bile

why do we need bile

it dissolves fat

function of tonsils

immune defense

what does the small intestine absorb

nutrients

what does the large intestine absorb

water

what brings nutrient rich blood from the small intestine to the liver

hepatic portal vein

what happens when your appendix bursts

bacteria gets let out causing peritonitis

what lines ureters and urinary bladder

transitional epithelium

how are kidneys located

retro-peritoneum

three steps of urine formation

Glomerulus: filtration

PCT: reabsorption

DCT: secretion

where does ammonia come from

burning of amino acids in liver (nitrogen with three hydrogen)

where does urea come from

break down of amino acids

what does the liver take

ammonia and turns it into urea

what do kidneys take out

urea

aldosterone

released when blood pressure is low. makes kidneys hang onto sodium and water

ADH

released when blood is too concentrated. making kidneys hang onto water

7.0

What pH does salivary amylase work best at

three layers of teeth

crown, neck, roots

tooth crown has

enamel

tooth neck has

dentin

tooth roots have

pulp cavity

three forms of incontinence

Stress, urge, and overflow

stress incontinence is

muscle weakness

urge incontinence is

nerve damage

overflow incontinence is

urine stuck in urethra (prostate enlargement)

what does secretin do

tells pancreas to release alkaline

what does cholecystokinin(CCK) do

gives gall bladder and liver bile

when is CCK released

when there is too much fat in duodenum

what do kidneys regulate

ion levels, blood pressure, blood pH

what kind of waste do kidneys excrete

urea, uric acid, and creatinine

what muscles move the tongue

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

absorption

chemicals from GI tract move to blood

afferent arteriole comes from the

renel artery

where does afferent arteriole leak into

glomerulus

what does efferent arteriole do

lets blood out of glomerulus

layers of GI tract

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Mucosa is located where

inner layer of GI tract

where is submucosa located

under the mucosa

what does muscularis layer of GI tract do

moves things

Where is serosa located

outer layer of GI tract

what sphincter connects small and large intestine

ileocecal valve