Unit 4: Concept 2 - Adenosine Triphosphate

Purpose of ATP

Carries energy in a usable form for the cell to use

What is ATP made up of?

• Adenine

• Ribose

• Phosphates

What is recycled in the ATP-ADP cycle?

ADP

What is ATP Synthase?

The enzyme that catalyzes the addition of the 3rd phosphate to make ATP

Catalyze

To accelerate a reaction

What is energy used for when a phosphate is removed from ATP?

• Active transport

• Cell division

• Other cellular processes

Where does energy initially come from?

• Glucose

• Other macromolecules

Why is the process of breaking down ATP considered an exothermic process?

ATP is unstable, so it doesn’t take much energy to break the 3rd phosphate off. More energy is released than absorbed

Why is the process of forming ATP considered an endothermic process?

It takes a lot of energy to attach the 3rd phosphate, so little is released when ATP is formed

What happens to consumed food that gets broken down during cellular respiration?

The energy gets stored in ATP by adding 3rd phosphate

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

What does ADP stand for?

Adenosine Diphosphate

Chemiosmosis

Movement of ions down a concentration gradient

How many ATP can you get from one glucose molecule?

~36

Carbohydrates energy storage

4 cal/g

Lipids energy storage

9 cal/g

Proteins energy storage

4 cal/g