Unit #10: Evolution and Natural Selection

Darwin

characteristics came from common ancestors - work with finches on the Galapagos Islands

Malthus

Populations can grow faster than the rate at which resources can be produced

Antibiotics

Kill or slow the growth of bacteria

Darwin's theory of evolution

is based on descent with modification and natural selection

Variability of a Population

happens through random mating, mutation, and geographic distribution

Homologous Structures

Similar structures in species sharing a common ancestor

Natural selection

Darwin's theory survive by possessing inherited adaptations to maximize fitness

Mutation

original source of the genetic variation that is the raw material for natural selection

Farmers

select inherited traits that are of value to humans through a process of artificial selection

Sickle Cell

homozygous recessive (ss) individuals HAVE the disease

Adaptation

an individual organism inherited one of their traits to benefit themselves

Environment

shapes the design of organisms

Bacteria

Have been getting stronger against antibodies as they evolve over time

Recipe for Evolution

Variation, Selection, and Time

Evidence of Evolution

Molecular Biology/DNA, Geographic Distribution, Similarities in Embryo development, Fossils, Similarities in structure

Similarities in structure

animals have some anatomical patterns that are alike, they come from common ancestors.

Survival of the fittest

the animal best suited for their environment will survive

Bottleneck Effect

Disasters may drastically reduce the size of the population causing a decrease in genetic variation. Ex. Volcano

Artificial selection

humans breed plants and animals to get the traits they want

Microevolution

generation to generation change

Founder effect

genes change when a few individuals move/colonize to a new place/habitat

Genetic drift

a change in the gene pool due to chance

Gene flow

exchange of genes with another population

Populations

The larger the population, the more stable it is because there will be more variety.