Chapter 1

Value

Data that cannot be simplified further and belongs to some type of data.

Types

A defining shape of data, and it describes a set of valid values which follow a set of restrictions.

Operators

Describe computations which can be performed on a set number of values of a given type.

Expressions

A set of values and operators which evaluate to become a single value.

Booleans

Represents the logical value true or false

! (NOT)

Bool → Bool

The logical negation operator. It flips true to false, and vice versa.

&& (AND)

(Bool, Bool) → Bool

Boolean operator that return true only when both operands are true. Otherwise it returns false.

|| (OR)

(Bool, Bool) → Bool

A Boolean operator that returns true when either operand is true. Otherwise, it returns false.

Ints (integer)

A whole number who’s value is between -2,147,483,68 and 2,147,483,647.

uint (unsigned Int)

A positive whole number which is a value between 0 and 4,294,967,295.

Addition of Integers

(int, int) → int

This returns the sum of two integers

Subtraction of Integers

(int, int) → int

This returns the difference between two integers.

Multiplication of Integers

(int, int) → int

This returns the product of two integers.

Integer Division

(int, int) → int

This returns the quotient of two integers, discarding any remainder.

Modulo (%)

(int, int) → int

This returns the remainder of a division between two integers.

Floating-Point Representation

A type which defines a valid range for its whole value, along with a precision which determines what fractionals are possible.

Double

A 64-bit floating-point number used to approximate real numbers. It has a range of approximately ±1.7976931348623157E+308 and a precision of 15-16 decimal digits.

Float

A 32-bit floating-point number used to approximate real numbers. It has a range of approximately ±3.4028235E+38 and a precision of 7 decimal digits.

Decimal

A 128-bit floating-point number designed for precise representation of decimal fractions. It has a range of approximately ±7.9228162514264337593543950335 and a precision of 28-29 decimal digits.

Comparison

An operation that takes two values and produces a boolean by checking their relationship.

LessThan Comparison (<)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if the first number is smaller than the second.

Greater Than Comparison (>)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if the first number is larger than the second.

Less Than or Equal To Comparison (<=)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if the first number is smaller than or equal to the second.

Greater Than or Equal To Comparison (>=)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if the first number is larger than or equal to the second.

Equals Comparison (==)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if both numbers represent the same value.

Not Equals Comparison (!=)

(number,number)→bool

This returns true if the numbers represent different values.

Char

A 16-bit value type representing a single text character with a value between 0 and 65,535.

Character Addition

(char,int)→int

This returns the numeric result of adding a character’s code and an integer