Connecting Neuroscience to Neurologic Conditions - Details - Kahoot!

What is the primary role of neurons within the nervous system?

They are neural signaling cells responsible for relaying neural signals.

What is the general function of Glia in the nervous system?

They serve as supporting cells.

According to the lecture, what are the three specific types of glial cells?

(A) Astrocyte, (B) Oligodendrocyte, and (C) Microglial cell.

What are the three main components of a neuron shown in the diagrams?

Dendrites, Soma/Cell Body, and Axon.

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon called?

Nodes of Ranvier

At what specific location are connections between neurons made?

Synapses

In what two forms is information transferred via synapses?

Action potentials or graded potentials.

What does the transfer of information at a synapse trigger the release of?

Neurotransmitters

What two types of effects can neurotransmitters have on a receiving neuron?

Excitatory and inhibitory effects.

What is the chemical formula for Acetylcholine?

$$C_7H_{16}NO_2$$

What are the major functions associated with Acetylcholine?

Muscle contraction, learning, and memory.

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with plasticity, learning, and memory?

Glutamate

GABA and Glycine are neurotransmitters associated with which three states?

Stress, anxiety, and fear.

What are the primary functions of Dopamine?

Motivation and reward behaviors, and movement facilitation.

Which neurotransmitter regulates mood, appetite, and sleep, in addition to learning and memory?

Serotonin

What neurologic condition is characterized by the loss of dopamine in the central nervous system?

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are associated with what type of dysfunction?

Cholinergic dysfunction in the CNS.

How is an axial image view described in the lecture notes?

Worm's eye view

How is a coronal image view described in the lecture notes?

Face to face

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is designated as important for movement planning and execution?

Frontal lobe

According to the lecture transcript, where is the leg represented in the cerebral cortex?

medial

According to the lecture transcript, where is the hand represented in the cerebral cortex?

lateral

What are the two general types of disorders that can result from basal ganglia dysfunction?

Hypokinetic or hyperkinetic disorders.

Which pathway is responsible for carrying information about light touch and proprioception?

Dorsal column

Which neural pathway carries sensory information specifically from the face?

Trigeminothalamic