Bio 208 - Test 1 Gardner F21

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering organ systems, directional terms, cellular structures, transport, tissue types, joints, bone biology, and integumentary anatomy for Bio 208 Test 1.

The six levels of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex, are chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and __________

organism

The integumentary system consists of hair, skin, and __________

nails

All blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are produced by red __________

bone marrow

Skeletal muscle stores glucose in the form of a polymer called __________

glycogen

Blaze cannot shiver because he is an __________ and cannot regulate internal body temperature

ectotherm

The endocrine system regulates body functions by secreting chemical messengers called __________ into the blood

hormones

The normal resting heart rate specified in the notes is __________ bpm

55-60

When a person holds their breath, they pass out from lack of oxygen, but breathing resumes automatically because __________ levels become high in the brain

CO2

The kidneys release the hormone __________, which stimulates the production of red blood cells in red bone marrow

Erythropoietin

In the anatomical position, the palms and head face __________

forward

The directional term __________ refers to a position closer to the trunk or point of origin and is used only for extremities

Proximal

The plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves is the __________ plane

Midsagittal

Because the kidneys lie outside and behind the parietal peritoneum, they are referred to as __________ organs

retroperitoneal

Microfilaments are thin filaments made of the protein __________

actin

Microtubules are large, hollow tubes composed of the protein __________

tubulin

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare genetic condition caused by a lack of __________, leading to a accumulation of very long chain fatty acids that destroy myelin sheaths

peroxisomes

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol without oxygen and yields a net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and __________

2H+

The active transport pump Na+K+ ATPase transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and __________ K+ into the cell

2

In a __________ solution, water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink in a process called crenation

hypertonic

Cellular junctions that anchor cells to the basement membrane are called __________

hemidesmosomes

The most abundant but weakest type of cartilage in the human body is __________ cartilage

Hyaline

A freely moveable joint that permits a wide variety of motions is classified functionally as a __________

Diarthrosis

Osteoclasts break down bone matrix by secreting __________ and empty contents of lysosomes

HCL

A fracture of the distal radius is specifically termed a __________ fracture

Colles'

The epidermal layer found exclusively in thick skin such as the palms and soles is the stratum __________

lucidum

The most common and least dangerous form of skin cancer arising in the stratum basale is __________ cell carcinoma

Basal