astro

studied byStudied by 2 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Composition of Earth's atmosphere

1 / 68

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

69 Terms

1

Composition of Earth's atmosphere

78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% argon, 0.0035% CO2, 0.1-3% H2O

New cards
2

Hydrosphere

all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

New cards
3

atomosphere

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

New cards
4

Ionosphere

the lower part of the thermosphere, where electrically charged particles called ions are found

New cards
5

Mesosphere

The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere

New cards
6

Stratosphere

The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.

New cards
7

ozone layer

Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.

New cards
8

Troposphere

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere

New cards
9

Convection

Process by which, in a fluid being heated, the warmer part of the mass will rise and the cooler portions will sink.

New cards
10

greenhouse effect

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

New cards
11

Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere

-early atmosphere from volcanic activity (CO2, N2, CH4, NH3) -NO FREE O2!!!!! -secondary Earth cooled, torrential rains filled oceans, washed out CO2, teritary: Life happens producing O2, ozone forms, life on surface

New cards
12

S waves

A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side (transverse) can travel through solids

New cards
13

P waves (primary)

Type of body waves that are the fastest seismic waves, are longitudinal compression waves travel through solids and liquids

New cards
14

Differentiation

Heavy material sinks to the center of the planet and lighter material rises to the surface which implies that the planet MUSTVE been partially molten

New cards
15

plate tectonics

The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.

New cards
16

Lithosphere

the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

New cards
17

Asthenosphere

The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move

New cards
18

dynamo theory

the generation of a magnetic field by circulating electric charges

New cards
19

Magnetosphere

the area surrounding Earth that is influenced by Earth's magnetic field

New cards
20

The Van Allen belts are

regions of high-energy charged particles trapped within Earth's magnetosphere

New cards
21

What creates a magnetic field?

moving electric charges

New cards
22

How many tides are there in a day?

two high tides and two low tides

New cards
23

tidal bulge

The moons pulls on the water on the side of the Earth closest to it more strongly than on the side opposite it. This pull creates a bulge of water

New cards
24

What do tides do to earths rotation

they slow earths rotation due to friction

New cards
25

Mantle

the layer of the earth between the crust and the core

New cards
26

Which is the inferior planet

mercury

New cards
27

Which planet has the greatest elongation

mercury

New cards
28

Both the moon and mercury don't have what

a natural satellite or atmosphere

New cards
29

The moon has both

light and dark areas

New cards
30

What are the dark areas on the moon called?

Maria(rich in iron) dark smooth, look like water

New cards
31

What are the light areas on the moon called

highlands: higher in elevation, mountainous rich in aluminum

New cards
32

solar system evolution

cloud of dust, rock, gas, with slight rotation, Gravity contracts the cloud, conservation and momentum causes rotation to speed up. Contraction continues: the sun form, Planets form due to condensation and gravity

New cards
33

Rotation rate of the moon

1 orbit= 1 rotation

New cards
34

How long is a solar day on mercury

2 siderals days because the eliptical orbit means rotation would speed up and slow down

New cards
35

Lunar Craters

Due to the explosive impact of interplanetary projectiles, known as meteors when in space and meteorites upon hitting the surface of a moon or planet.

New cards
36

Why do lunar craters last a long time

no atmosphere so theres no erosion, and no protection from metorites

New cards
37

What is the moon's surface like?

covered in dust and has craters

New cards
38

Volcansim formed what

maria

New cards
39

rilles

narrow channel on the moon's surface carved out by lava

New cards
40

How is mercurys surface different than the moon

not as cratered, closer to the sun, no maria, very few riles, has scarps

New cards
41

Scarps

Huge cliffs thought to have formed as the planet cooled and contracted

New cards
42

Moons core vs mercurys core

small iron core interaction with earths magnetic field, vs large iron core with a weak magnetic field

New cards
43

Formation of moons

formed at the same time as a planet, (conformation), capture:wanders to close to the planet, fission: material is flung off while the planet was still molten, impact:mars sized object hit earth

New cards
44

Where is venus when it appears the brightest

when it passes between the earth and the sun

New cards
45

How many days is 1 rotation on venus

243 days

New cards
46

Why does venus have retrograde motion

impact

New cards
47

Do we have the same side of venus always facing us?

Yes

New cards
48

The atmosphere of venus is very

thick, so only radio waves get through the clouds

New cards
49

Surface of venus

8% mountains, 27% lowlands, 65% rolling plains, volcanoes, lava flow, craters

New cards
50

which planet has no tectonic plates

venus

New cards
51

runaway greenhouse effect on venus

a process in which the heating of a planet leads to an increase in its atmosphere's ability to retain heat and thus to further heating, causing extreme changes in the temperature of the surface and the composition of the atmosphere

New cards
52

Venus's atmosphere has much more carbon dioxide than Earth's because

it lacks oceans and is very thick

New cards
53

Which planet doesn't have a magnetic field

Venus because it's rotation is too slow

New cards
54

Which planet has 2 moons

Mars

New cards
55

The polar caps on Mars are composed of

both frozen carbon dioxide and water ice.

New cards
56

Seasonal Caps Mars

composed of carbon dioxide which grows and shrinks as the season changes

New cards
57

residual caps on mars

permanently frozen water

New cards
58

Features of the surface of mars

volcanoes, canyons, dunes, mountains

New cards
59

southern hemisphere of mars

higher elevation, heavily cratered lots of mountains

New cards
60

Northern Hemisphere of mars

lower elevation, smoother volcanic plains

New cards
61

Hellas Basin

What is the deepest point on Mars?

New cards
62

Valles Marineris is a

large canyon on Mars.

New cards
63

Olympus Mons

largest volcano in solar system on Mars

New cards
64

The atmosphere of Mars is composed mostly of

carbon dioxide

New cards
65

lowest layer of mars atmosphere

thermosphere

New cards
66

Reverse Runaway Greenhouse Effect

Mars is cold so co2 is absorbed into the rocks and oceans

New cards
67

why is there no dynamo on mars

it has no liquid

New cards
68

Does Mars have a magnetic field?

mars does not have a magnetic field

New cards
69

Mars' moons are

Phobos and Deimos and captured asteroids

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 48 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 30 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 44 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard85 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard61 terms
studied byStudied by 467 people
Updated ... ago
4.4 Stars(9)
flashcards Flashcard20 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard86 terms
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard60 terms
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard85 terms
studied byStudied by 45 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard69 terms
studied byStudied by 18 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard32 terms
studied byStudied by 218 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)