Anatomy exam 3- upper appendicular muscles

Pectoralis minor

O: ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: Stabilize, depress, downward rotation and

protraction of scapula, elevate ribs for deep

breathing

Serratus anterior

A: Protract and upwardly rotate scapula;

elevate rib cage to assist with breathing

Subclavius

A: Depress and fix clavicle, elevate first rib

Levator scapulae

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Superior angle of scapula
A: Elevate, retract, and downwardly rotate scapula

Trapezius

A: Upper fibers: extend neck, elevate clavicle

and scapula

Middle fibers: retract scapula

Lower fibers: depress or rotate scapula

upwardly

Rhomboideus major

O: Spinous process of upper thoracic

vertebrae
I: Medial border of scapula
A: Adduct and downwardly rotate scapula

Rhomboideus minor

A: Adduct and downwardly rotate scapula

Rotator cuff muscles

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

Infraspinatus

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus and

posterior glenohumeral joint

capsule
A: Stabilize shoulder joint, keep head of

humerus against scapula; laterally rotate

humerus

Supraspinatus

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Assist with abduction of humerus; stabilize head of humerus superiorly

Subscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Medially rotate and adduct humerus; protect humeral head anteriorly from dislocation

Teres minor

O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A:Adduct and rotate humerus laterally; stabilize humeral head during abduction

Pectoralis major

O: Clavicle, sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages
I: Intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

A: Flex, adduct, and medially rotate humerus

Coracobrachialis

A: Flex and adduct arm at shoulder

Biceps brachii, long head

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Flex and supinate forearm, weakly flex arm at shoulder

Biceps brachii, short head

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Flex and supinate forearm, weakly flex arm at shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

O: Spinous process of T7-L5, sacrum, iliac crest
I: Intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus
A: Extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus

Teres major

A: Medially rotate, extend, adduct humerus

Triceps brachii, long head

O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Olecranon process of ulna
A: Extend and adduct shoulder

Deltoid

O: Clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: Prime mover of arm abduction

Anterior head medially rotates and flexes humerus

Posterior head laterally rotates and extends humerus

Flexors that move the ante brachium

biceps brachii long head & short head, brachialis

Brachialis

A: Flex antebrachium at humeroulnar joint

Extensors that move the ante brachium

Triceps brachii long & lateral & medial head, anconeus

Triceps brachii lateral head

O: Infraglenoid tubercle (O)
I: Olecranon process of ulna (I)
A: Extend antebrachium at humeroulnar

joint; extend and adduct glenohumeral

joint

Triceps brachii medial head

O: Posterior humerus
I: Olecranon process of ulna (I)
A: Extend antebrachium at humeroulnar

joint

Anconeus

A: Extends antebrachium (forearm)

Forearm rotators

Pronator quadratus, pronator Teres, supinator, brachioradialis

Pronator quadratus

A:Pronate forearm (rotation so palm faces

posteriorly)

Pronator teres

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I: Midshaft of radius
A: Pronate forearm (rotation so palm faces

posteriorly)

Supinator

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
I: Radial shaft (I)
A: Supinate forearm (rotation so palm

faces anteriorly)

Brachioradialis

A: Flex antebrachium at humeroulnar joint

Flexors that move the manus

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: Flex and abduct wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Pisiform, hamate, and 5th metacarpal
A: Flex and adduct wrist

Palmaris longus

A: Assist with flexion of wrist

Extensors that move the manus

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi radialis longus

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
A:Extend and abduct wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A: Extend and abduct wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
I: Base of 5th metacarpal
A: Extend and adduct wrist

Muscles that move the pollex (thumb)

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus

Abductor pollicis longus

A: Abduction of thumb and wrist;

extension of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis

A: Extend thumb; abduct thumb and

wrist

Extensor pollicis longus

A: Extend thumb

Flexor pollicis longus

A: Flex thumb

Extensor indicis (Digit #2)

A: Extend 2nd digit

Extensor digiti minimi (digit 5)

A: Extend 5th digit

Extensor digitorum

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Extend fingers and wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid

process of ulna, shaft of radius
I: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

A: Flex middle phalanges, metacarpals,

and wrist

Flexor digitorum profundus

A: Flex distal phalanges, metacarpals,

wrist