PNS pt 2

withdrawal reflex

afferent info from skin, mm, and/or joints can elicit withdrawal movements

withdrawal and crossed extension reflex

if your knee is kicked out behind you, another interneuronal circuit quickly adjusts the mmm activity in the stance limb to prevent falling

reciprocal inhibition

decreases activity in antagonist when agonist is active, allowing agonist to act unopposed, RI interneurons prevent unwanted activity, RI separates mm into agonists and antagonists

a reciprocal inhibition technique

active inhibition, agonist PNF contraction stretching, flex agonist mm to calm down antagonist mm

recurrent inhibition

effects opposite to reciprocal inhibition, focuses on motor activity, helps with fine motor movements, inhibition of agonists and synergists

autonomic and somatic control of bladder

afferents convey info regarding stretch of bladder wall, signals in efferent maintain relaxation of bladder wall and constrict internal sphincter, somatic efferent signals elicit contraction of external sphincter

segmental dysfunction

a lesion affecting a single level of the spinal cord causing segmental signs at that level, include abnormal or lost sensation in distribution, a protruding disc pressing on single nerve root

vertical tract dysfunction

loss of communication to and/or from the spinal levels below the lesion

anterior cord syndrome

interferes with pain and temp sensation and motor control, caused by disruption of blood flow in anterior spinal artery, affects ascending spinothalamic tracts and descending motor tracts

central cord syndrome

small lesion, loss of pain and temp occurs at level, large lesion the upper limb motor function impaired, occurs due to trauma, spinothalamic and lateral corticospinal tracts involved

brown-squared

below level of lesion, voluntary motor control, conscious proprioception, and light touch are lost ipsilaterally, pain and temp sensation lost contralaterally, result of hemisection of cord

cauda equina

causes sensory impairment and flaccid paresis or paralysis of lower limb mm, bladder and bowel, damage to lumbar or sacral spinal roots

tethered cord syndrome

causes low back and lower limb pain, difficulty walking, excessive lordosis, scoliosis, the vertebral column grows longer than the spinal cord

______ inhibition decreases antagonist opposition to the action of agonist mm

reciprocal

_________ inhibition focuses on motor activity

reccurent

slump test stretches the _______ and peripheral nerve connective tissue

meninges

SLR stretches the _____ ______

cauda equina

______ horn processes sensory info

dorsal

_______ horn processes autonomic info

lateral

ventral horn processes _______ info

motor

stepping pattern generators are adaptable neural networks that produce _____ output

rhythmic

lesions in segmental dysfunction affects the spinal nerve producing loss of _______ and ______ _______

sensation, muscle weakness

tract lesions affect anything ______ the lesion

below

________ plexus innervates the anterior neck mm and diaphragm

cervical

the median nerve is part of the ______ plexus

brachial

sacral plexus is the _____ rami of ______

anterior, s1-s4