TEXTILES PRACTICE EXAM 1

Any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from fibers, fibers, yarns or fabrics is a

Textile

Which of the following is sold to a jobber in pieces no longer than 40 yards?

shorts

Which textile source owns its own textile machinery and makes fabric?

Mills

An overrun is:

When a mill produces more fabric than an order specifies

_____________ are unfinished fabrics that has not received any wet or dry finishes

Greige Goods

Which is the third step in the basic fiber spinning process?

solidify

A ____________ fiber is a short fiber measured in inches or centimeters

staple

A ____________ fiber is a long, continuous fiber measured in miles

filament

__________ is the only natural filament fiber

silk

___________ is the weight in grams of 9000 meters of fiber and is an indication of the diameter of a fiber.

denier

Which term indicates a classification of fibers into groups based on chemical composition?

generic group

Polymerization is

Joining monomers together to form long polymer chains

What is the degree of polymerization?

The length of the polymer chain

Orientation is determined by

Polymer chains being parallel to each other and the length of the fiber

Which associative force is the reaction between atoms within a molecule?

Intra-molecular

What fiber properties are affected by amorphous or crystalline polymers?

strength

Stretching and __________ occurs when applying tension to manmade fibers as they are extruded and increases crystallinity and reduces diameter.

drawing

What does solution dyeing add to the viscose dope?

permanent color

What is luster?

The way light is reflected by the surface

What is drape?

The way the fabric falls over a three-dimensional form

What is hand?

The way the fabric feels to the touch

Which level of absorbency describes fibers that absorb without feeling wet?

Hygroscopic

What is heat sensitivity?

A fiber's reaction to a heat source

A _____________ is an individual, fine, hair-like structure that has a high ratio of length to width and is flexible enough for manufacturing and end us.

fiber

We get natural fibers from ______________, animals and minerals

plants

Where do we get manmade or manufactured fibers?

Chemical solutions forced through a spinneret

A _______________ is a showerhead like device with tiny holes in the head and is used to make manmade fibers.

spinneret

The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture from one section to another. Moisture travels on the surface of the fiber from the interior of the product to the exterior to allow for evaporation is:

wicking

An _________ polymer has molecules that are parallel to each other and are packed together in ordered regions.

crystalline

Which cellulosic fiber type comes from the root or stem of a plant?

bast

What does cotton need to grow?

Long growing season in a temperate to hot climate with water from rain or irrigation

Which type of cotton is the best quality?

sea island

What is the lumen?

The central canal in a cotton fiber for nourishment transportation

What are the three determinations used to classify cotton?

Fiber length, Grade, Character

Which type of cotton is grown on land where organic methods are used but the 3 year minimum has not been met?

transition

What is the resulting fabric from flax?

linen

What does flax look like under the microscope?

bamboo

Which is the most important leaf fiber?

Sisal

Protein fibers come from __________ and extruded filaments from insects/larvae.

animal hair

Which part of the sheep's fleece is the lowest quality?

underbelly

Which type of wool comes from an animal less than 1 year old?

lambs

Which type of wool is the longest and the best grade?

Merino

What part of the wool fiber causes irritation?

Scales

What is lanolin used for?

cosmetics and lotions

What is sericin?

Water soluble protective gum on silk

What is wild or tussah silk?

Silk that comes from worms not controlled in a factory

______________ silk occurs when 2 silkworms spin cocoons together and cannot be separated and gives an irregular thick/thin appearance.

Duppioni

To create felt ____________, moisture and agitation are needed to cause the scales on the fiber to interlock and create a tangled mat of fibers.

heat

A ________________ fiber is created from naturally occurring polymers that must be converted to fiber form.

manufactured regenerated

Which was the first regenerated cellulosic fiber?

Rayon

Which is NOT a nonwoven fabric made from rayon?

apparel

Lyocell was developed because of the environmental concerns of ____________

rayon

Which manufactured regenerated fiber is the strongest cellulosic fiber?

Lyocell

_______________ is the splintering of the fiber surface.

Fibrillation

_________________ was the first thermoplastic fiber

Acetate

What is fume or pollution fading?

Dyes that change color when exposed to atmospheric pollutants

What generic group does bamboo now belong to?

Rayon

Azlon is a manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is composed of any regenerated, naturally occurring ________________

protein

Azlon comes from:

corn