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Any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or anything made from fibers, fibers, yarns or fabrics is a
Textile
Which of the following is sold to a jobber in pieces no longer than 40 yards?
shorts
Which textile source owns its own textile machinery and makes fabric?
Mills
An overrun is:
When a mill produces more fabric than an order specifies
_____________ are unfinished fabrics that has not received any wet or dry finishes
Greige Goods
Which is the third step in the basic fiber spinning process?
solidify
A ____________ fiber is a short fiber measured in inches or centimeters
staple
A ____________ fiber is a long, continuous fiber measured in miles
filament
__________ is the only natural filament fiber
silk
___________ is the weight in grams of 9000 meters of fiber and is an indication of the diameter of a fiber.
denier
Which term indicates a classification of fibers into groups based on chemical composition?
generic group
Polymerization is
Joining monomers together to form long polymer chains
What is the degree of polymerization?
The length of the polymer chain
Orientation is determined by
Polymer chains being parallel to each other and the length of the fiber
Which associative force is the reaction between atoms within a molecule?
Intra-molecular
What fiber properties are affected by amorphous or crystalline polymers?
strength
Stretching and __________ occurs when applying tension to manmade fibers as they are extruded and increases crystallinity and reduces diameter.
drawing
What does solution dyeing add to the viscose dope?
permanent color
What is luster?
The way light is reflected by the surface
What is drape?
The way the fabric falls over a three-dimensional form
What is hand?
The way the fabric feels to the touch
Which level of absorbency describes fibers that absorb without feeling wet?
Hygroscopic
What is heat sensitivity?
A fiber's reaction to a heat source
A _____________ is an individual, fine, hair-like structure that has a high ratio of length to width and is flexible enough for manufacturing and end us.
fiber
We get natural fibers from ______________, animals and minerals
plants
Where do we get manmade or manufactured fibers?
Chemical solutions forced through a spinneret
A _______________ is a showerhead like device with tiny holes in the head and is used to make manmade fibers.
spinneret
The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture from one section to another. Moisture travels on the surface of the fiber from the interior of the product to the exterior to allow for evaporation is:
wicking
An _________ polymer has molecules that are parallel to each other and are packed together in ordered regions.
crystalline
Which cellulosic fiber type comes from the root or stem of a plant?
bast
What does cotton need to grow?
Long growing season in a temperate to hot climate with water from rain or irrigation
Which type of cotton is the best quality?
sea island
What is the lumen?
The central canal in a cotton fiber for nourishment transportation
What are the three determinations used to classify cotton?
Fiber length, Grade, Character
Which type of cotton is grown on land where organic methods are used but the 3 year minimum has not been met?
transition
What is the resulting fabric from flax?
linen
What does flax look like under the microscope?
bamboo
Which is the most important leaf fiber?
Sisal
Protein fibers come from __________ and extruded filaments from insects/larvae.
animal hair
Which part of the sheep's fleece is the lowest quality?
underbelly
Which type of wool comes from an animal less than 1 year old?
lambs
Which type of wool is the longest and the best grade?
Merino
What part of the wool fiber causes irritation?
Scales
What is lanolin used for?
cosmetics and lotions
What is sericin?
Water soluble protective gum on silk
What is wild or tussah silk?
Silk that comes from worms not controlled in a factory
______________ silk occurs when 2 silkworms spin cocoons together and cannot be separated and gives an irregular thick/thin appearance.
Duppioni
To create felt ____________, moisture and agitation are needed to cause the scales on the fiber to interlock and create a tangled mat of fibers.
heat
A ________________ fiber is created from naturally occurring polymers that must be converted to fiber form.
manufactured regenerated
Which was the first regenerated cellulosic fiber?
Rayon
Which is NOT a nonwoven fabric made from rayon?
apparel
Lyocell was developed because of the environmental concerns of ____________
rayon
Which manufactured regenerated fiber is the strongest cellulosic fiber?
Lyocell
_______________ is the splintering of the fiber surface.
Fibrillation
_________________ was the first thermoplastic fiber
Acetate
What is fume or pollution fading?
Dyes that change color when exposed to atmospheric pollutants
What generic group does bamboo now belong to?
Rayon
Azlon is a manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is composed of any regenerated, naturally occurring ________________
protein
Azlon comes from:
corn
