Juvenile Delinquency Final Exam Review

Tracking

Dividing students into groups according to their abilities and achievement levels.

Passive Speech

A form of expression protected by the 1st. Amendment but not associated with actually speaking words; examples wearing clothing, buttons or symbols.

Gateway Drug

A substance that leads to the use of more serious drugs.

Substance Abuse

Using drugs or alcohol in such a way to cause physical harm to oneself.

Active Speech

Expressing an opinion by speaking or writing: freedom of speech is protected under the 1st. Amendment.

Protective Factor

A positive prior factor in an individual's life that decreases the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act.

Risk Factor

A negative prior factor in an individual's life that increases the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act.

Harm Reduction

Efforts to minimize the harmful effects caused by drug use.

Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts

Courts whose focus is providing treatment for youths accused of drug related acts

Detention Hearing

A hearing by a judicial officer of a juvenile court to determine whether a juvenile is to be detained or released while proceedings are pending in the case.

Zero Tolerance Policy

Mandating specific consequences or punishments for delinquent acts and not allowing anyone to avoid these consequences.

In Loco Parentis

In the place of the parent; rights given to schools that allow them to assume parental duties in disciplining students.

Addiction-Prone Personality

The view that the cause of substance abuse can be traced to a personality that has a compulsion for mood altering substances.

Multi-systemic Therapy (MST)

Addresses a variety of family, peer, and psychological problems by focusing on problem solving and communications skills training.

Delinquency Control/Repression

Involves any justice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act

Bifurcated Process

The procedure of separating adjudicatory and dispositionary hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each.

Disposition

For juvenile offenders, the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders; these are more rehabilitative than retributive.

Adjudicatory Hearing

The fact finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition.

Teen Courts

Courts that make use of peer juries to decide non-serious delinquency cases.

Systematic Review

A type of review that uses rigorous methods for locating, appraising and synthesizing evidence from prior evaluation studies.