Chapter 1

studied byStudied by 7 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Anatomy

1 / 43

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

44 Terms

1

Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

New cards
2

Physiology

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

New cards
3

Gross/macroscopic anatomy

The study of large, visible structures

New cards
4

Microscopic anatomy

Deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye

New cards
5

Developmental anatomy

Studies anatomical and physiological development throughout life

New cards
6

Chemical level

atoms, molecules and organelles

New cards
7

Cellular level

single cell

New cards
8

Tissue level

groups of similar cells

New cards
9

Organ level

contains two or more types of tissues

New cards
10

Organ system level

organs that work closely together

New cards
11

Organismal level

all organ systems combined to make the whole organism

New cards
12

Maintenance of life involves:

-maintaining boundaries -movement -responsiveness -digestion -metabolism -excretion -reproduction -growth

New cards
13

Maintaining boundaries

Separation between internal and external environments must exist

New cards
14

Movement

Muscular system allows for this

New cards
15

Contractility

Movement at the cellular level

New cards
16

Responsiveness

ability to sense and respond to stimuli

New cards
17

Digestion

Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood

New cards
18

Metabolism

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells

New cards
19

Excretion

Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion

New cards
20

Reproduction

At the cellular level, this involves division of cells for growth and repair

New cards
21

Growth

Increase in size of a body part or organism

New cards
22

Survival needs:

-nutrients -oxygen -water -normal body temperature -appropriate atmospheric pressure

New cards
23

Homeostasis

The maintenance of relatively stable internal condition despite continuous changes in environement

New cards
24

Receptor

-sensor -responds to stimuli -monitors environment

New cards
25

Control center

-receives input from receptor -determines appropriate response

New cards
26

Effector

-receives output from control center -provides the means to respond -provides either a negative or positive feedback

New cards
27

Negative feedback

-most used feedback mechanism in the body -response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

ex. regulation of body temp; regulation of glucose by insulin

New cards
28

Positive feedback

-response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus -usually controls infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment

ex. enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

New cards
29

Homeostasis imbalance

-increases risk of disease -contributes to changes associated with aging -if negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed, destructive positive feedback mechanisms may take over

ex. Heart failure

New cards
30

Superior (cranial)

Towards the head end or upper end of the body

New cards
31

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of a body

New cards
32

Anterior (ventral)

Toward or at the front of the body

New cards
33

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward or at the back of the body

New cards
34

Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body

New cards
35

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

New cards
36

Intermediate

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

New cards
37

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

New cards
38

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

New cards
39

Superficial (external)

Toward or at the body surface

New cards
40

Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface

New cards
41

Coronal/frontal plane

Separates anterior and posterior structures

New cards
42

Sagittal/lateral plane

Separates the right and left side of the body

New cards
43

Axial/transverse plane

Separates superior and inferior structures

New cards
44

Oblique plane

Separated diagonally

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 82 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (47)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (87)
studied byStudied by 70 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (102)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(3)
robot