L4 Gender Discrimination

Gender Discrimination: Inequality Starts in

Childhood

- Every girl and boy deserves an equal chance

to survive and thrive.

- Gender discrimination, starting in childhood,

continues to rob children of their childhoods

and limit their chances — disproportionately

affecting world’s girls.

Gender Discrimination

Any exclusion or restriction made on

the basis of gender that creates

barriers for girls, boys, women, and/or

men in recognizing, enjoying, or

exercising their full and equal human

rights.

Gender Discrimination

Occurs when a person is treated

negatively or unequally based on their

gender. It includes restricted access to

education, jobs, and healthcare;

unequal pay, and sexual harassment,

to name a few.

Article 2, Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Gender discrimination is a human’s right violation.

“Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this

Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex

[emphasis added], language, religion, political or other opinion,

national or social origin, property, birth or other status (emphasis

added).”

fundamental human right

Gender equality is a ___, and that right is violated by gender-based discrimination.

Discrimination

on the basis of

sex or gender causing one

sex or gender to be routinely

privileged or prioritized over

another.

gender inequalities occur everywhere

Around the world, while contexts and

gender roles vary from place to place,

we can see that ___; and at every stage

of life, beginning with childhood or

even before birth.

Causes of Gender Inequality

Gender prejudice and resulting gender

discrimination begin in childhood. From the

moment they're born, girls and boys face

unequal gender norms as well as social

norms regarding expectations and access to

resources and opportunities, with lifelong

consequences - in their homes, schools,

and communities.

Causes of Gender Inequality

Gender prejudice —- Gender discrimination —-  Gender inequality

1. Restricting education access for girls

2. Child labor

3. Gender based violence

4. Child marriage

5. Paying women less  for the same work

6. Discriminating against trans people in healthcare settings

WHAT IS/ARE THE EFFECTS OF GENDER INEQUALITY?

Gender equality is not only a fundamental

human right but a necessary foundation for

a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable

future. Eradicating gender issues means a

world where women and men, girls, and

boys all enjoy equal rights, resources,

opportunities, and protections.

Importance of Gender Equality

empowered with the tools and skills they

need to be drivers of positive change in their

families and communities

When girls are supported to be active in civic

and political spaces, in particular, they are __________

Girls are the experts of their own experiences, priorities,

and needs and are powerful catalysts for a

world where gender equality flourishes.

Ensuring child protection and the fulfillment of child rights

Promoting gender equality is also

central to ___________, as

abuse, neglect, violence against

women and exploitation both reflect

and reinforce gender inequalities.

when we fight gender

oppression, societies are more stable,

safe and prosperous, with happier,

better educated citizens.

Importance of Gender Equality

When girls are empowered to lead their

lives, speak their minds and determine

their futures, everyone benefits. History

suggests that ___________________

Was adopted by the United Nations in 1979 and took effect

on 3 September 1981. The Philippines signed the CEDAW

on 15 July 1980 and ratified it on 5 August 1981, the first

ASEAN country to do so.

As of May 2015, the Convention has been ratified by 189

states.

Convention on the Elimination of all

Forms of Discrimination Against

Women (CEDAW)

(International Bill of Rights of Women)

The Convention defines discrimination against women as

“any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis

of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or

nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by

women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of

equality of men and women, of human rights and

fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social,

cultural, civil, or any other fields.”

Convention on the Elimination of all

Forms of Discrimination Against

Women (CEDAW)

(International Bill of Rights of Women)

1. Non - discrimination 

2. State obligation

3. Substantive equality

Three foundational principles of CEDAW

Non discrimination

is integral to the concept of equality. The Convention seeks to eliminate discrimination against women in all fields and spheres, and holds both state and non-state actors in the case of violation of rights.

State obligation

embodies the elements, that is,

respect, protection, promotion, and fulfillment of

human rights. It also upholds the concept of due

diligence which demands ensuring the prevention,

investigation, and sanctioning of private acts of

discrimination. The legislature, executive, and judiciary

organs of government are responsible for the

fulfillment of all state obligations.

Substantive equality

is acknowledged as a product ofnegative female stereotypes and consequently seeks

to eliminate discrimination at the individual, institutional,

and systemic levels through corrective and positive

measures, including enabling conditions and affirmative

actions. It seeks to correct the imbalance and focuses on achieving “equality of outcomes” by ensuring equal

opportunities, access, and benefits for women.

Republic Act 9710

The Philippines’ participation in CEDAW has contributed

massively to the advancement and empowerment of

Filipino women.

This includes the enactment of ____,

otherwise known as the Magna Carta of Women, which is a

comprehensive women’s human rights law that seeks to

eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing,

protecting, fulfilling, and promoting the rights of Filipino

Republic Act 9710 (Magna Carta of Women) – Enacted August 14, 2009

• A comprehensive human rights law promoting women’s rights, especially for marginalized sectors

RA 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act

This law protects individuals from unwanted sexual advances, requests, or acts in workplaces, schools, or training environments.

• Prevent and investigate sexual harassment cases

• Enforce disciplinary actions against offenders

• Establish clear, confidential reporting mechanisms
  

RA 8353 – Anti-Rape Law of 1997

 This law redefines rape as a crime against a person’s dignity and freedom, not merely chastity.
It recognizes:

• Rape through force, threat, or intimidation

• Marital rape (committed by a spouse)

• Sexual assault involving any object or instrument

RA 8505 – Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act

This law ensures immediate and coordinated support for rape survivors.
It mandates the establishment of rape crisis centers in every city and province to provide:

• Medical and psychological treatment

• Legal assistance and counseling

• Temporary shelter and protective services

RA 9208 – Anti Trafficking in Persons Act

This law combats human trafficking, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, and slavery-like practices.
It punishes recruiters, traffickers, and anyone involved in exploitation. It also offers protection, rehabilitation, and reintegration programs for victims.

RA 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children (VAWC) Act

This law protects women and children from all forms of abuse—physical, emotional, sexual, and economic—committed by their partners or relatives.
Victims can file for:

• Protection orders (Barangay, Temporary, or Permanent)

• Financial and custody support for children

• Criminal cases against the abuser

EO 209 (1987) – The Family Code of the Philippines

This law ensures equality between husband and wife in family life and property relations.
It states that:

• Both spouses are joint decision-makers in family matters

• Parents share equal rights and duties toward their children

• Wives have equal rights to property ownership and management