Lecture 7 Cell death - exam 2 content

Intrinsic death

cell stress, mitochondria, ER stress, Ca excitotoxicity

extrinsic death

chemicals, hormones, growth factors, NO, cytokines

Necrosis

accidental/ordinary - dysregulation of normal cell activities when exposed to stress activates an immune response

vacuulation of cytoplasm

mitochondrial

swelling, dilation of ER, cell rupture/lysis

liquefactive necrosis

Observed in infections and brain infarcts
• Lots of neutrophils release digestive enzymes -> liquefy tissue
• Tissue is liquidly and creamy yellow
• Several neutrophils and cell debris

apoptosis

Apoptosis was first used in a now-classic paper by Kerr et al. 1972 to describe a morphologically distinct form of cell death.
Significance: embryo, development, immunity, organ size

apoptosis is important in adults for

Normal cell turnover
• Tissue homeostasis
• Development of the nervous system
• Endocrine-dependent tissue atrophy
Steroid immunosuppressants: kill lymphocytes by apoptosis
• Elimination of activated, damaged, and abnormal cells