ConBio Chp 6 Book

These flashcards cover key concepts related to overexploitation, biodiversity, and conservation strategies discussed in the provided lecture notes.

What is overexploitation in the context of natural resources?

Overexploitation occurs when the harvest rate of a biological population exceeds its natural replacement rate.

What are some examples of primary extractive industries?

Fisheries and logging are key examples of primary extractive industries.

How do human economies relate to biological commodity extraction?

Many regional economies depend on extractive industries that exploit biological commodities.

What kind of products are derived from biological commodity exploitation?

These products include food, fuel, shelter, medicine, cosmetics, and more.

Which type of species are more vulnerable to overexploitation?

Long-lived and slow-growing organisms are particularly vulnerable to overexploitation.

What are some consumer-resource interactions mentioned in the lecture?

Fishing, hunting, grazing, and logging are examples of consumer-resource interactions.

What is density dependence in population growth?

Density dependence refers to the degree to which population growth responds to changes in population density.

What is the significance of the IUCN Red List mentioned in the notes?

The IUCN Red List assesses the conservation status of species, indicating threats and extinction risk.

How does overhunting impact tropical forest vertebrates?

Overhunting is the most serious threat to large vertebrates in tropical forests and affects their population viability.

What are non-timber forest products (NTFPs)?

NTFPs are biological resources extracted from forests other than timber, such as fruits, nuts, and resins.

What impact does selective logging have on tropical forests?

Selective logging can create canopy gaps and cause collateral damage to the forest ecosystem.

How is the bamboo trade relevant to overexploitation?

Bamboo is an NTFP and is harvested extensively, impacting its natural populations.

Which countries are mentioned as examples of overexploitation in fisheries?

Countries like Indonesia and portions of Africa are highlighted for issues in their fisheries.

What role does hunting technology play in overhunting?

Advancements in hunting technology increased the rate and efficiency of wildlife consumption.

Why are elephants significant in tropical forest ecosystems?

Elephants act as ecosystem engineers, impacting vegetation structure and online nutrient cycling.

What is the significance of the term 'empty forests' in conservation?

'Empty forests' refer to ecosystems where physical structures remain but biodiversity is significantly depleted.

What is the main driver of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems?

Overfishing is a primary driver of biodiversity loss in marine ecosystems.

What is the estimated global catch of marine fisheries?

Around 120-140 million tons of species are caught globally each year.

What are the environmental consequences of overfishing?

Overfishing can lead to significant changes in marine food webs and the decline of predator populations.

What problems arise from bycatch in fisheries?

Bycatch can significantly harm non-target species, contributing to population declines.

What is a key challenge in managing fisheries?

The challenge includes managing fishing efforts to avoid overexploitation and unregulated practices.

What factors require consideration in designing no-take areas?

Considerations include habitat connectivity, species population dynamics, and enforcement capabilities.

How does the 'tragedy of the commons' relate to resource management?

It describes how shared resources are overexploited due to competition among users.

What economic incentives contribute to overexploitation?

Perverse subsidies can incentivize resource users to exploit wildlife unsustainably.

What is the importance of sustainable harvesting practices?

Sustainable harvesting practices ensure that species are not driven to extinction and maintain ecosystem health.

How can community-based management help in resource conservation?

By involving local communities, conservation strategies can align economic benefits with resource preservation.

Why is education important in managing wildlife exploitation?

Education can change consumer preferences, potentially reducing the demand for overexploited species.

What role do cultural factors play in hunting practices?

Cultural preferences can dictate which species are hunted and how hunting is conducted.

What is the impact of habitat loss combined with overexploitation?

It leads to compounded risks for species survival and ecosystem integrity.

What conservation strategies are necessary for preventing overexploitation?

Strategies include establishing protected areas, regulating hunting and fishing, and community involvement.

Why is historical context important in understanding overexploitation?

Understanding past exploitation patterns helps identify current risks and management strategies.

What is the potential result of implementing demand-side measures in conservation?

Demand-side measures aim to decrease hunting pressure by reducing consumer demand for wildlife products.

In what way do recreational hunters contribute to conservation funding?

Recreational hunters often pay for licenses that fund conservation efforts and protected areas.