Aerobic Respiration

What is glycolysis?

Splitting up glucose into pyruvate whilst producing ATP & Reduced Electron Carriers

Process of Glycolysis

Glucose gets phopshorylated by hexokinase into G-6-P.

How do cells stop wasting unnecessary ATP on glycolysis

G-6-P inhibits hexokinase via a negative feedback mechanism

How much ATP is produced from glycolysis.

2 ATP

After Glycolysis where is pryuvate transported to

Mitochondrial Matrix

Process of Link reaction/ Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvagte is oxidised, releasing CO2. The lost electrons are donated to NAD+, reducing it NADH.

The remaining pyruvate becomes bound to CoA, forming Acetyl CoA, this is catalysed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

What is Beta Oxidation?

Respiration of Fatty Acids

ketosis

The body uses fat as an alternative energy source due to limited glucose

Ketogenesis

Triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids for energy, when glucose is in low supply.

Beta-Oxidation

Cells hydrolyse fatty acids into acetyl CoA (ready for the Krebs Cycle)

Process of Beta-Oxidation

Fatty acids are ‘activated’ to fatty acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetase in the cytoplasm. (Using an ATP molecule).

Fatty acyl-CoA combines w/ carnitine (carrier protein) sop that it can be transported in the mitochonrdrial matrix (via carnitine acyltransferases).

Oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA (by Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), reducing FAD⁺ to FADH_2.

_{Hydration w/ Water to form an alcohol (cataylysed by enoyl-CoA hydratse}

Respiration of Fatty Acids