Gothic Cathedral Exam #2

Bar Tracery

Tracery dividing stained glass windows made from stone pieces that are consistent in width

Glazed Triforium

Triforium with stained glass, as opposed to being dark and made of stone

Dead Weight Loading

The weight of the materials and building themselves, such as the stone pieces within the wall

Crusade

Christan attack on Jerusalem’s religious landmarks; church sponsored missions to conquer jerusalem starting in 1098

Contrapposto

Way of arranging figure so weight rests on one leg, other leg is bent, bent leg projects, displayed more emotion and movement in their sculptures - previously unable to do so

Cephalophore

Decapitated saint carrying his own head as a form of rewarded belief and martyrdom

Attribute

an object associated with a figure that identifies who that person is (can be seen in statues in Chartres)

Cellarer

The person responsible for the cellar/place in which the valuable beverages (such as wine) were stored, entrusted with the keys. Wine was the only safe substitute to water.

Rayonnant

Style of gothic, characterized by Abbey of saint-denis nave and upper choir; the radiating effect of the stained glass and artchitecture 

Trefoil

Three-leaf/petaled window or rosette

Quatrefoil

A four petaled/leafed rosette stained glass window

King Louis IX

(1214-1270) longest reigning Capetian monarch of the middle ages, came to thrown at 12, mother became regent, helped finish the rest of Saint Denis

Clerestory Passage 

Passage or walkway that goes between the exterior wall and the springing of the vaults

Thomas Becket

Important saint in the Catholic church, originally king's chancellor then upgraded to archbishop of Canterbury and began disagreeing with the king, was eventually brutally murdered, his relics are at Canterbury (made it a big pilgrimage destination)

William of Sens

Architect invited to look at Canterbury after fire, spoke to monks about trying a new style that was being used in France, rebuilt Canterbury

String Course

A horizontal line, usually projecting, intended to draw a line between levels

Strainer Arches

Extra support within church, eye catching, mesh crossing separating one section of the church from another in order to support the church

Tierceron

A rib that lies flat on the surface of a web

Ridge Rib

The rib at the highest point of the vault, runs down length of the vault, where two vaults meet

Boss

Buttons where the ribs intersect with one another

(ex - Lincoln cathedral of saint mary)

Old Sarum

The original site of Salisbury Cathedral; its transition reflects the architectural evolution towards gothic styles, which became prominent in the new Salisbury Cathedral, completed in the 13th century

Choir Stalls

In-built wooden set of furniture that dominates the space

Lady Chapel

A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary

Minster 

A large or important church, typically one of cathedral status in the north of England that was built as part of a monastery

Plantagenet

A royal family in England from the 12th to the 15th centuries. They helped popularize Gothic architecture by commissioning grand cathedrals with pointed arches and flying buttresses. Comm’ed the Saint Denis

Eleanor Cross

Commissioned by King Edward I in memory of his beloved wife, Eleanor of Castile. They mark the places where her coffin rested on its journey from Lincoln to Westminster Abbey

Ogee Arch

Characteristically English arch with an s- curve, arch with a double curve

Lantern

An opening in a crossing, ie top of dome, that allows light into a space

Liern

Short rib that does not connect to springing of vault and does not go all the way across the vault surface; doesn't connect to vault spring or the ridge rib; stubby rib that doesn't follow the traditional course of a rib

Fan Vault

Vault where instead of having groins and webs, the surface is a continuous curve

Conoid

Curving section of a vault, cone shaped, vault segment that is curved

Chantry

Endowed chapel intended to be used for masses for a specific person's soul