World War I History Mystery

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29 Terms

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Imperialism

conflicts of nationalism, rivalries over territories

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Balkan War 1912-1913

Increased Serbia’s territory by 80% → increase in panslavism

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Pan-Slavism

belief in a united Slavic state

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Russo-Turkish War

Solved diplomatically, won by Russia, increased dissent b/w Russia and Austria-Hungary/Germany

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Weltpolitik

Belief that Germany should be able to get involved in international affairs, sought to increase prestige by increasing naval power and imperialism

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Moroccan Crisis 1905

North African region supported by Anglo-French entente, The French try to expand control → German objection → French ignore → German threat of aggression → Algericas Conference

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Algericas Conference

Conference ending with the concession of Germany after a threat on French imperialism

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Moroccan Crisis 1911

France and Germany move troops into Morocco, France and Britain pushed back and Germany was forced to accept parts of the French Congo (instead of Moroccan land)

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Dual Alliance

Formed between Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1878

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Triple Alliance (defensive military alliance)

Italy joined with Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1882

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Franco-Russian Military Alliance. 1894

In response to growing German power (france and russia)

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Ententé Cordiale 1904 (non-military)

Between Britain and France

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Anglo-Russian Convention 1907 (non-military)

British and Russian alliance

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Triple Ententé

joining of Anglo-Russian convention and Ententé Cordiale

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Dreadnought

British ships launched in 1908, meant to be a new horizon for naval warfare

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Schlieffen Plan

German plan to surround Paris and defeat France within 6 weeks and face Russia before it mobilized (prevent two-front war)

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Blank Cheque Guarantee

declaration by Germany that any action by Austria-Hungary against Serbia was backed and defended by Germany

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Total War

breach of traditional boundaries of warfare, attacks on the civilian population

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Treaty of London 1839

Declaration that Britain would defend Belgian neutrality, brought Britain into the war when Germany entered Belgium

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Preliminary Artillery Bombardment

pre-attack air bombing, ineffective due to:

  • inaccuracy

  • high proportion duds

  • didn’t destroy any barbed wire or hit anyone

  • acted as a warning prior to attack

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Creeping Barrage

Happened simultaneously with the charge to advance, large number of field guns would fire to provide cover for advancing troops, failed due to:

  • bad planning (either to soon— no cover— or too late— friendly fire)

    • low accuracy

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Gallipoli

  • was supposed to increase Entente moral

  • knock out the Ottoman empire

  • open route to Russia

  • open another front

Had to evacuate

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Verdun

  • crucial for moral and defense

  • German attack ordered to draw french reinforcements and weaken western fron

  • Germany only gained 8km by end of battle

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The Somme

  • first use of Tanks (ineffective)

  • advanced 13km

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Zimmerman Telegram

Document proposing alliance between Mexico and Germany, intercepted by US

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Russian Revolution 1917

Tsar replaced by a provisional government that launched a failed offensive → 2nd Revolution (Bolshevik)

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Passed under the Bolshevik Russian government with Germany, pulled Russia out of the war

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Ludendorff Offensive 1918

German offensive, Broke the stalemate on the Western Front

  • “last push” due to low materiel

  • preceded by a short and intense aerial bombardment and quick “stormtroop” infantry attacking weakpoints

  • gained 65km in one week

  • Second Battle of Marne caused German retreat

  • Treaty in November 1918 ceased fighting

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Arab Revolt

caused by Ottoman attack on Suez canal

  • British encouraged revolt for promise of independence post-war

    → ottoman surrender