Unit 2 WHAP

Samarkand

A stopping point on the silk road, a center of cultural exchange and trading goods

Flying Money

A merchant could deposit money under his name in one location and withdraw the same amount at a different location

Rudder

Gives ships stability and made them easier to manuever

Junk

A type of Chinese sailing ship

Caravanserai

Inns that people and their animals would rest at while trading through the silk road

Hanseatic League

A commercial alliance between northern Germany and Scandinavia, controlling trade

Genghis Khan

Temujin/Genghis was a king of the Mongolian Kingdom and would expand his kingdom from North China to Eastern Persia

Pax Mongolica

A time frame where Mongolia did not conquer any states and would build cities and establish a government

Batu

Khan’s oldest son, led the golden horde to conquer Russia

Golden Horde

Army led by Batu, Conquered Russia

Kublai Khan

Khans Grandson, would conquer china and start the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Empire in China after Kublai Khan conquered it, exercised religious tolerance

Ming Dynasty

Would form after the Yuan Dynasty would get overthrown by the Secret White Lotus Society

Siege Weapons

Equipment used for siege warfare such as portable towers and catapuls

Uyghur Alphabet

Alphabet used to represent the Mongol, still used in Mongolia Today

White Lotus Society

A group that was secretly organizing to put an end to the Yuan Dynasty

Bubonic Plague

A disease that would spread from southern china to Central Asia, from there to southeast Asia and europe

Malacca

A city-state that grew rich from taxing ships that passed through the strait of Malacca in return for protection from pirates

Gujarat

A western Indian Rajput Kingdom that Would tax on imported goods for trade between the west and east, making Gujarat rich

Swahili city-states

Cities that were the coast of the Indian Ocean and are bustling commercial centers

Monsoon Winds

Winds that were easily predictable depending on the seasons that merchants would use to carefully time their voyage

Lateen Sails

Triangular sails that can easily catch winds from many directions

Astrolabe

Determined how far north or south they were from the equator

Indian Ocean Slave Trade

As a result , African culture would be spread to Oman, India, and elsewhere

Zheng He

Muslim Admiral Zheng He led many voyages to display the might of the Ming Dynasty to the rest of the world and receive tribute from the people he encountered

Mali Empire

Profit from the Gold trade but also taxed all other trade entering West Africa, Replacing Ghana

Mansa Musa

A leader for the Mali empire, known for his religious leadership

Timbuktu

City in west Africa that accumulated a lot of wealth and developed in a center of Islamic learning

Sundiata

Malis first founding ruler, made Mali rich through trade connections and gold trade

Songhai Kingdom

Became the powerhouse after the Mali empire, would become larger and richer than Mali

Trans-Saharan trade

Trade between North and western africa, where mainly gold(west) and salt(north) were mostly traded between them. Possible due to Muslim merchants bringing camels to north africa

Mecca

Islams holiest city, where Mansa musa would begin his pilgrimage, deeping his devotion to islam

Camel Saddle

Made riding camels eaiser

Black Death

Also known as bubonic plague, it killed 1/3 of Europes population and killed about 25 million chinese and other asians

Ibn Buttuta

An muslim scholar that traveled through Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and North Africa and was told to dictate what he saw. He would return and write about it in the book “His book a Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling”

Margery Kempe

A English mystic who wrote one of the earliest autobiographies in English, which was significant because it is a firsthand account of a middle-class medieval woman’s life

Swahili

Language that is a blend of Bantu and arabic

Urdu

Langauge that is influenced from sanskirt-based hindi, as well as from arabic and farsi

Bananas

Introduced to Sub-Saharan desert, led to population spike and allowed bantu-speaking people to migrate to places where yams did not easily grow

Sugar and Citrus crops

Food introduced to Europe from the markets of Samarkand

Overgrazing

Grazing too much that the environment can’t recover it vegetation in time

Deforestation

The cutting of trees for more land available to use

Soil Erosion

The wearing of the top layer of soil, decreasing fertile land for agricultural use