Intro Geology’s Three 9

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10 Terms

1

Uniformitarianism

The principle that geological processes occurring now have been occurring throughout Earth's history.

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2

Plate Tectonics

The unifying theory of geology explaining the movement of Earth's lithosphere as tectonic plates.

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3

Diverging Plate Boundaries

Zones where tectonic plates are moving away from each other, often producing new rock and causing earthquakes.

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4

Converging Plate Boundaries

Zones where tectonic plates collide, often resulting in subduction and the formation of volcanic arcs.

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5

Transform Plate Boundaries

Zones where tectonic plates slide past one another horizontally, leading to lateral fault systems.

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6

Seafloor Spreading

The process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and gradually moves away.

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7

Lithosphere

The rigid outer layer of the Earth, composed of the crust and upper mantle, divided into tectonic plates.

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8

Earthquake

A sudden and intense shaking of the ground, caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

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9

Volcanic Arc

A chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate, associated with converging plate boundaries.

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10

Mass Conservation

The principle that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, foundational in chemistry.

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