AP US History

Treaty of Paris 1763

Ended the French and Indian War, gave Britain all land West of the Appalachians and East of the Mississippi River.

French and Indian War 1754 - 1763 (7 Years War)

War between France and Britain because they both want full control over America. Native Americans side with the French (except the Iroquis). End of salutory neglect.

American Revolution (1775-1783)

Colonists fight against British rule. Inspiration from the enlightenment

Enlightenment

New ideas based on reason and science. It challenges the system that Britain put in place for the colonies.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Unification of some Native American tribes. Raids on white settlements that was a response to British territorial expansion.

Mercantilism

Focuses on the mother country. Trying to increase wealth and power by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists not allowed west of the Appalachians. This was to avoid conflicts with Native Americans but colonists were mad.

Stamp Act 1765

Tax on printed materials. Colonists hated how they had no representation .

Stamp Act Congress

Response to the Stamp Act. First time colonies get together and resist against Britain.

Intolerable/Coercive Acts (1774)

Response to the Boston Tea Party. Britain passed laws to punish the colony of Massachusetts. Leads to the First Continental Congress

Boston Tea Party 1773

Protest on British tax on tea. No taxation without representation.

Declaration of Independence 1776

Declared the 13 colonies independent from Great Britain

Common Sense (Thomas Paine)

Helps rally support behind the Independence movement. Gets people to start thinking about how America might be better without British

American Revolution 1765-1783

13 colonies rebelled against British rule and ultimately achieved independence.

Lexington and Concord 1765

First military engagement in the American Revolution. British troops vs. colonial militia

Lafayette

French general that helped the American Revolution by gaining French support for the war.

Battle of Saratoga 1777

Turning point in the war. American troops win against British forces and gains the support of France.

Baron von Steuben

Helped train the Continental Army

Milita and Minutemen

Regular civilians who can arm themselves quickly and fight

Treaty of Paris 1783

Ended the American Revolution. Treaty that favored Britain because the American Colonies would have to figure everything out themselves without the support and protection of Britain.

Articles of Confederation (1777)

First US Constitution, confirmed a weak/decentralized system.

Shay’s Rebellion

People in Massachusetts rebel because they were being oppressed by the state government. People realized the need for organization and a new national constitution. Led to the constitutional convention

1784/85 Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance

Used to divide land and create new states to prevent fighting among the 13 colonies. With enough people, each district could petition to become states.

1787 Philadelphia Conference/Constitutional convention

Plan to revise the articles of confederation and the US Constitution. Ended up making a whole new system. Talked about the powers of the federal government and congress.

Virginia Plan

Number of representatives in Congress should be based on population

New Jersey Plan

Equal number of Representatives

Great Compromise

Merged the Virginia and New Jersey Plan. Created a bicameral legislature (senate and house of reps)

Bacon’s Rebellion

First uprising in American colonies against royal authority. Connected to the decline of indentured servitude and rise of slavery.

3/5 Compromise

1 enslaved person = 3/5 of a regular person when voting.

Bill of Rights 1788 (ratified 1791)

Spelled out the rights of the American people and guarantees civil rights and liberties.

First Bank of the US

Made by Hamilton who used the Elastic clause. Contributes to the creation of the Federalists and Democratic Republicans.

Jay’s Treaty

US and Britain will continue to trade during the French vs. Britain War

Pinckney’s Treaty

Spain allows the US to use the Mississippi River

XYZ Affairs and Quasi-War

Undeclared naval war between America and France

Alien and Sedition Act

Took away free speech. Also used to silence the Democratic Republicans.

Election of 1800

Shift from Federalist presidents to a Democratic Republican President (Thomas Jefferson)

Statute of Religious Liberty

Separation of Church and State

Paxton Boys

Wanted the government to push harder against the Native Americans.

Hartford Convention

Federalists wanted to secede from the US during the War of 1812. Decline of the federal party.

War of 1812 (1812-1815)

War between the US and Native Americans/Great Britain. Britain backed up the Native Americans. Also called Mr. Madison’s War

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ends the War of 1812 and Britain finally accepts American Independence.

Whiskey Rebellion (1791)

Federal government tried to tax the people (tax on whiskey)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Done by Jefferson

Barbary War

Against the pirates in the Northern African kingdoms who force people who use the sea to pay them

First Great Awakening (1730-1770)

Response to the Enlightenment and before the American Revolution

Second Great Awakening (1800-1840)

Efforts of conservatives to fight the spread of religious rationalism and encourage more people to go to church.

Eli Whitney (1800s)

Creation of the Cotton gin

War Hawks

Example: Clay, Calhoun - in favor of war against Britain (War of 1812)

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1815)

Right to freely trade with England the British Empire. Mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes.

Great Triumvirate

Webster (North), Clay (West), Calhoun (South, wants slavery)

Westward Expansion (Great Migration - 1800s)

People moving west after the War of 1812 reduced Native American opposition

Astor’s American Fur Company

Commerce in the West. Fur traders beging to hunt their own animals.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)

Explored the Louisiana Purchase territory

Stephen H. Long’s Expedition (1819-1820)

Exploration of the “Great American Desert”

Era of Good Feelings

During Monroe’s Presidency where only 1 party really had influence (Democratic Republican, end of the First Party System)

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

John Quincy Adams negotiates with Spain (Onis) to gain FLorida

Seminole War (1816-1818)

Stop raids on American territory by Seminole Indians (Florida) and Jackson invades Florida.

Panic of 1819

Economic crisis that followed a period of high foreign demand for American farm goods. Over-speculation on land

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Allowed the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Established the 36-30 parallel line.

John Marshall (1801-1835 Supreme Court Justice)

Strengthen judicial power at the expense of the other branches, increase power of the federal government.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Congress had the right to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Invalidated Georgia laws attempting to regulating access by US citizens to Cherokee land. Georgia had no right to force out the Cherokee’s from their land.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

No American involvement in European affairs and any foreign challenges to the American nations is unfriendly.

The Corrupt Bargain (1824)

During the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the presidency even though Andrew Jackson received more popular and electoral votes.

Henry Clay’s American System

Raise tariffs, strengthen the banks, and finance internal improvement.

Tariff of Abominations

A high protective tariff enacted by the US congress that benefited the North (South was angry and called it an “abomination”).

Indian Removal Act

Native Americans forced to relocate to Oklahoma and will be federally protected

Calhoun

War hawk, from the South Carolina exposition and protest and wanted Jackson to nullify the Tariff of Abominations

Nullification Crisis

A state government (South Carolina) going against the Federal government. South Carolina nullifies the Tariff of Abomination

Force Act

Using the military to enforce federal law

Specie Circular

People had to buy land from the government in exclusively gold or silver (led to the Panic of 1837 because it destroyed some banks)

Jacksonian Democracy

Equal protection and Equal benefits to all white males, attack Eastern aristocracy and give opportunities to the West had South, subjugate African Americans and Native Americans.

Spoils System

Gave supporters jobs rather than actually qualified people.

Webster-Hayne Debate

Webster (Whig) vs. Hayne/Calhoun - a debate on the issue of states’ rights versus national power

Panic of 1837

Because of species circular done by Jackson and over speculation of land

Treaty of Wang Hya (1844)

Established diplomatic relations with China because of American mercantile interests

Nativism

Anti-Immigrant sentiment (started during the 1800s during the influx of Irish immigrants)

Lowell Factory/System

For women laborers (textile mill)

Cult of domesticity

Idea of what women are (stay at home and take care of domestic tasks)

Know Nothings Movement

Nativist movement that formed the American Party

Minstrel Shows

Popular during the 1840s onward. White actors would mock African American culture

Vaudeville

Popular from the 1880s to the 1930s. Theatrical genre of variety entertainment and included African American performers

Election of 1860

Lincoln’s election, the year before the Civil War.

Temperance Movement

Started by Christians and women to try and stop alcoholism (victims of abuse and a vehicle for women to have a voice.)

Cult of Honor

1800s Southern code of chivalry. Men had to “defend their honor” through dueling (Example: Caning of Sumner)

Southern Highlanders/Hill people

Southerners who lived in isolation and refused to have slaves. Fought on the side of the North during the Civil War

Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831

Slave revolt in Virginia that led to stricter slave codes and helped fuel the abolitionist movement in the North

Sambo

African American reaction to slavery. Put up a facade of subservience.

Slave Rebel

Another form of slave resistance. Slaves who remained rebellious and could not accept or accomodate.

Frederick Douglas

Famous abolitionist

Pinckney’s Resolution 1836

Like the Gag rule where people will not bring up the topic about abolitionism or slavery in the House (no laws about slavery)

Transcendentalists

Emphasized reason (innate capacity to grasp beauty and truth through expressing instincts and emotions)

Emerson and Thoreau, Margaret Fuller

Relocation policies (Native Americans)

Move the native Americans out of lands but also give them a protected place to allow assimilation.

Seneca Falls and the Declaration of Sentiments

In the beginning of the movement for woman’s suffrage

Manifest Destiny

America is destined by God to expand its boundaries

Oregon Treaty

Established a boundary on the 49th parallel and gave Oregon territory to the US (Between Britain and US)

Mexican War (1846-1848)

US invasion of Mexico over border disputes between Mexico and Texas

Bear Flag Revolution

Rebellion by American settlers in California against Mexico which led to the formation of the California Republic

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico cedes California and New Mexico and also acknowledges the Rio Grande as the border of Texas

Wilmot Proviso

Prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from mexico