Overview of Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Dissociative identity disorder

multiple personalities

Dissociative amnesia

loss of memory, psychological, specify if with fugue (they wake up somewhere random)

Somatic Symptom Disorder

One of more somatic symptoms that are distressing or disrupt daily life (back pain, stomach aches, nausea, headaches, chest pain), Anxious about symptoms, persistent thoughts about it, excessive time and energy devoted to symptoms/health concerns, More than six months. Specify if with Predominant Pain

Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis)

Preoccupation with having a serious illness, High level of anxiety about health, Perform excessive health-related behaviors, At least six months

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder)

One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function (part of their body is paralyzed, or all of a sudden wake up and be blind), very suddenly usually after some extreme traumatic stress, La Belle Indifference (very indifferent to the symptoms), Clinical findings provide evidence to the contrary, Impairment/distress

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self

Falsification of physical or psychological symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with deception, Person presents himself to others as ill, impaired or injured, The deceptive behavior is evident even in absence of external rewards. Specify if: Single episode, recurrent episode

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

Same symptoms except the person presents another individual (victim) to others as ill, injured or impaired, parent to a child

Malingering

faking physical or psychological symptoms for secondary gain (to get out of trouble, want to go on disability)

Delayed Ejaculation

Marked delay in ejaculation, Marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation 75-100% of the time, At least six months, Distress/impairment

Erectile Disorder

Marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity, Marked difficulty in maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity, Marked decrease in erectile rigidity, At least six months 75 to 100% of the time, Distress/impairment

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Marked delay in, marked infrequency in, or absence of orgasm, Markedly reduced intensity or orgasmic sensations At least six months 75 to 100% of the time, Impairment/distress - females

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

Absent/reduced interest in sexual activity, Absent/reduced sexual thoughts or fantasies, No/reduced initiation of sexual activity, and unreceptive to partner's attempts to initiate, Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal or external sexual cues (written, verbal, visual), Absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity, At least six months Distress/impairment - female

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Persistent or recurrently deficient or absent, sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity. At least six months impairment - male

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Persistent/recurrent difficulties with one or more of the following: Vaginal penetration during intercourse, Marked vaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse or attempted penetration, Fear of anxiety about pelvic or vaginal pain, Tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration, At least six months Distress/impairment

Premature Ejaculation

Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during sexual activity within about 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before the person wishes it.

Masters and Johnson Approach

Short term (several times a week over 2-3 week period), treating the couple together, cognitive behavioral techniques, education, homework, work on communication skills (verbal, nonverbal).

Sensate focus - Masters and Johnson approach

Anxiety, fear of having sex so couple cannot have intercourse during the treatment.

Kaplan Approach

Long term, sometimes the couple sometimes just the person, cognitive behavioral techniques also psychodynamic techniques, paraphilia or sexual abuse/trauma.

Fetishistic Disorder

Involve a fetish (nonliving object).

Transvestic Disorder

Crossdressing, heterosexual males.

Frotteuristic Disorder

Touching or rubbing up against a nonconsenting person.

Pedophilic Disorder

Prepubescent child, pedophile has to be at least 16, or five years older than the child, 90% of cases the pedophile is someone the child knows.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

Has to do with them suffering in some way.

Sexual Sadism Disorder

Has to do with them inflicting the suffering.

Autoerotic asphyxia

Restricting airflow to increase pleasure, around 1000 people die a year from it.

Voyeuristic Disorder

"Peeping tom", observing an unsuspecting person that is naked, getting undressed, or having sex.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Exposing genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

Gender Dysphoria in Children

Marked incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least six months and 6 of the following: Strong desire to be of other gender or insistence that one is other gender; In boys: strong preference for cross-dressing or in girls strong preference for wearing only typical masculine clothing; Strong preference for cross-gender role in make believe play; Strong preference for toys, games, or activities used by other gender; Strong preference for playmates of other gender; In boys strong rejection of masculine toys, games, avoidance of rough and tumble play, in girls: same; Strong dislike of one's sexual anatomy; Strong desire for primary and/or secondary sexual characteristics that match one's experienced gender.

Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents & Adults

Marked incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least six months and 2 of the following: Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or sexual characteristics; Strong desire to rid of one's primary and secondary sexual characteristics; Strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sexual characteristics of the other gender; Strong desire to be of the other gender; Strong desire to be treated as the other gender; Strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender.

Personality disorder

Long term characteristics that a person has, not diagnosed until at least 18.

Ego dystonic

The person realizes that they have these symptoms and they dislike them.

Ego syntonic

The symptoms are a part of who they are, they don't think it's a problem.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd, eccentric behaviors.

Paranoid Personality Disorder- cluster A

Mistrustful of people, read hidden meanings in things, seem cold, scheming, devious to others, tend to keep to themselves.

Schizoid Personality Disorder- cluster A

Very socially withdrawn, seclusive, do not enjoy close relationships with other people, choose solitary activities.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder- Cluster A

Seclusive, don't have social skills, unusual speech (vague, overelaborate), magical thinking (if they think something, they can make it happen), superstitious, clairvoyant, social anxiety (doesn't get better when they know the person over time).

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors.

Antisocial Personality Disorder- cluster B

Act without worrying about consequences or rules, no guilt or remorse, intelligent, good social skills, very pleasure seeking, lying, scamming, subset of people that are dangerous that murder people, no emotional attachment to people.

Borderline Personality Disorder- cluster B

Instability in relationships, fears of abandonment, don't want to be alone, clingy, impulsive behaviors, cutting behavior, unstable sense of self, emotions are unstable, feeling of emptiness, anger outburst.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder - cluster B

Grandiose sense of self, think they're such an important person, requires attention/admiration from others, entitled, better than everyone else, extremely self-centered, exploit others, lack empathy.

Histrionic Personality Disorder - cluster B

Most dramatic, excessive attention seekers, want to be the center of attention, will do whatever it takes to be the center of attention.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Anxious, fearful behaviors.

Avoidant Personality Disorder - cluster C

Very sensitive to being rejected, avoid relationships unless they're guaranteed acceptance.

Dependent Personality Disorder. - cluster C

Very passive, allow other people to make decisions for them, lack confidence to function as individual adults.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - cluster C

Thinking is rigid, but not obsessional, very perfectionistic, indecisive thinking.

Oppositional defiant disorder

Diagnosed in kids/adolescents, pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentativeness, at least 6 months, four accompanying symptoms.

Conduct disorder

Behavioral issues, running away, lying, stealing, starting serious fights, cruelty to animals, starting fires. - precurcose to antisocial disorder

Pica

Persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least one month, iron, zinc, calcium deficiencies, sickle cell anemia, culture (eating dirt during religious ceremony), stress and anxiety, attention seeking, coping mechanism

Anorexia Nervosa

Restricted eating leading to significantly low body weight, Intense fear of gaining weight, Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, missing periods in females, enmeshment - family too involved with each other, no privacy

Bulimia Nervosa

Recurrent episodes of binge eating (a lot of food in a short amount of time), something triggers the binge, emotional aspect, Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors (purging: inducing vomiting, exercising for a lot of time, take laxatives), At least once (twice) a week for 3 months

Dissociative Derealization Disorder

a condition where individuals repeatedly feel that their surroundings are unreal, dreamlike, or distorted, despite knowing they are real. It often develops in response to stress, trauma, or anxiety and can disrupt daily life.

Psychophysiological Disorders

NOT DSM-5, This means that there is actual tissue damage or impairment that appears to be linked to certain personality and environmental factors. Bodily reactions change when people are exposed to emotion-arousing stimuli. Tension has been shown to influence the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine glands. Because of changes in body functioning, prolonged and severe psychological pressures can cause physical diseases such as high blood pressure, ulcers, etc.

Intellectual Disability

Deficits in intellectual functions, Deficits in adaptive functioning, Onset during developmental period

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in Social Communication & Social Interaction, Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or, Must be present in early developmental period, Impairment

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Inattention Hyperactivity and impulsivity types, Several symptoms present prior to age 12, Two or more situations (at home, in school), Impairment

Specific Learning Disorder

Specify if with impairment in reading, written expression or mathematics, at least 2 grade levels below where they’re supposed to be

Tic Disorders

Tourette’s - some only motor some only verbal