Urban challenges 1-3

Urbanization

An increasing proportion of people living in cities rather than in rural areas.

Megacity

A very large city, typically with a population of over 10 million, which has significant economic, cultural, and political influence.

Rural-urban migration

The movement of people from the countryside to cities, often driven by better economic opportunities.

Natural increase

Population growth resulting from a higher birth rate than death rate.

LICs

Low-Income Countries where the majority of the population still lives in rural areas.

HICs

High-Income Countries where the majority of the population already lives in urban areas.

Push factors

Negative conditions in rural areas that drive people to migrate to urban areas.

Pull factors

Positive conditions in urban areas that attract people from rural areas.

Informal economy

Economic activities that are not regulated by the government, often providing crucial employment and income.

Population density

The number of people living per unit of area, often leading to overcrowding in urban areas.

Squatter settlements

Unplanned residential areas where people build homes on land they do not own, often lacking basic facilities.

EKO ATLANTIC

A planned coastal city project in Lagos intended to become the new financial hub of West Africa.

Natural resources

Materials or substances that occur naturally and can be used for economic gain.

Traffic congestion

A condition of increased traffic density resulting in slower speeds and longer travel times.

Urban sustainability

Creating environmentally friendly and economically viable urban areas that can withstand future challenges.

Sea level rise

The increase in the level of the world's oceans due to climate change, posing a threat to low-lying coastal cities.

What is urban sprawl?

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into rural land.

What are green belts?

Designated areas of open land around cities intended to prevent urban sprawl.

What does 'gentrification' mean?

The process of transforming neighborhoods through the influx of higher-income residents.

What is a city’s infrastructure?

The fundamental facilities and systems serving a city, including transportation, communication, and utilities.

What are public spaces?

Areas such as parks and plazas that are open and accessible to all individuals.

What is mixed-use development?

Urban development that combines residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial spaces.

What does 'sustainable transport' refer to?

Transportation methods that have a low environmental impact, such as cycling and public transit.

What is urban heat island effect?

An urban area that experiences higher temperatures than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities.

What is smart growth?

An urban planning approach that focuses on sustainable and efficient land use.

What are urban ecosystems?

Complex networks of living organisms and their environments in a city.

What is urbanization?

An increasing proportion of people living in cities rather than in rural areas.

What is a megacity?

A very large city, typically with a population of over 10 million, which has significant economic, cultural, and political influence.

What is rural-urban migration?

The movement of people from the countryside to cities, often driven by better economic opportunities.

What is natural increase?

Population growth resulting from a higher birth rate than death rate.

What are LICs?

Low-Income Countries where the majority of the population still lives in rural areas.

What are HICs?

High-Income Countries where the majority of the population already lives in urban areas.

What are push factors?

Negative conditions in rural areas that drive people to migrate to urban areas.

What are pull factors?

Positive conditions in urban areas that attract people from rural areas.

What is the informal economy?

Economic activities that are not regulated by the government, often providing crucial employment and income.

What is population density?

The number of people living per unit of area, often leading to overcrowding in urban areas.