Exam 1: Human Torso (Organs + Structure)

Aorta

major artery taking blood to most of the body

Adrenal (supra-renal) glands

produce and release hormones

Bronchi

provides conduit for air traveling between trachea and lungs

Diaphragm

muscle primarily responsible for moving air in and out of lungs

Esophagus

muscular tube extending from laryngopharynx through diaphragm to join stomach, collapses when not involved in food propulsion

Gallbladder

small greenish sac on caudal surface of right lobe of liver, stores bile and digestive enzymes

Heart

pumps blood throughout body

Kidneys

filter toxins, metabolic waste, and excess ions from the blood stream

Large intestines

The digestive tract, extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food and eliminates feces

larynx

proximal end of trachea, part of conduit for air traveling between lungs and exterior of the body, sound production

Lungs

Either side of and partially enveloping the heart, gas exchange between the body and the air

Ovaries

production of oocytes (female gamete) and reproductive hormones

Pancreas

dorsal to stomach, gland having appearance of dark-colored cottage cheese, produces important hormones and digestive enzymes

Spleen

-dark reddish color, wraps around left side of stomach

-part of immune system

-cleanses the body

small intestines

-from pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve to join large intestine

-digestion is completed and all absorption occurs

stomach

-sac tucked among lobes of liver on left side of body

-temporary reservoir for food, site of some preliminary digestion

Testes

production of sperm (male gamete) and reproductive hormones

Thyroid

small, tan or rust-colored organ deep to the thymus and superficial to trachea

-releases hormones that regulate metabolism and growth

Trachea

-cartilaginous tube extending from larynx caudally to the bronchi

-provides conduit for air traveling between lungs and exterior of the body

Ureters

retroperitoneal, medial surface of kidneys to bladder

-carries urine to the bladder

Urinary Bladder

temporary storage for urine produced by kidneys

Uterus

receives, retains, and nourishes fertilized egg, site where embryo/fetus develops

Vena cava

major vein returning blood to heart from body

Umbilical cord

connects fetal pig/human to the mother

Umbilical artery

blood vessel that takes fetal blood to placenta, where nutrients and wastes can be exchanged with mother’s blood

Umbilical vein

blood vessel that returns fetal blood to body of fetal pig from placenta where nutrients and wastes were exchanged with mother’s blood

peritoneum

serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and the external surfaces of the abdominal organs

liver

large dark colored organ that fills the cephalad portion of abdominal cavity

-produces bile, regulates metabolism

Thymus

white, granular looking organ (cottage cheese) in neck and superior mediastinum

-important in immune system because location of T-lymphocyte maturation

Pericardium

fibrous bag surrounding heart and lined by serous membrane called parietal peritoneum

-outermost layer= visceral pericardium

pleura

serous membrane lining parts of thoracic body cavity around lungs (parietal pleura) and lining surface of lungs (visceral pleura)

Uterine tubes

only in females, transport oocytes from ovaries to uterus, fertilization takes place

spermatic cord

only in males, connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerve fibers that vascularize and innervate tests

-contains ducts that transport sperm from teste to urethra