The Skeletal System

What is a decompressive craniectomy?

Removal of part of the skull to relieve dangerously elevated intracranial pressure.

How does a craniotomy differ from a craniectomy?

Craniotomy removes a bone flap and replaces it; craniectomy leaves the removed skull portion off temporarily or permanently.

What is vertebroplasty?

Injection of bone cement into a vertebral compression fracture to stabilize it.

What is an osteotomy?

Surgical cutting of bone to change alignment or shape.

What is arthroscopy?

Endoscopic visualization of the inside of a joint through small incisions.

What is synovectomy?

Surgical removal of synovial tissue

What is bone grafting?

Use of transplanted bone or bone substitute to help repair/rebuild bone.

What is ACL reconstruction?

Surgical reconstruction of a torn anterior cruciate ligament.

What is percutaneous discectomy?

Minimally invasive removal of disc material through the skin to decompress a nerve.

What is phantom limb pain?

Pain perceived as arising from an amputated or absent limb.

What is a bone-marrow aspiration?

Withdrawal of liquid marrow with a needle for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

What is a bone-marrow biopsy?

Removal of a core sample of bone marrow for examination.

What is clubfoot (talipes)?

A congenital deformity in which the foot is abnormally positioned.

What is osteochondroma?

A benign cartilage-capped bony outgrowth (exostosis)

What is spondylosis?

Degenerative change of the spine, often associated with osteoarthritis

What is adhesive capsulitis?

Painful stiffness of the shoulder caused by capsular inflammation/fibrosis; 'frozen shoulder.'

What is a Baker (popliteal) cyst?

A fluid-filled swelling behind the knee associated with joint fluid/inflammation

What is chondromalacia?

Abnormal softening of cartilage.

What is costochondritis?

Inflammation of costal cartilage, typically near the sternum

What is hallux valgus?

Lateral deviation of the great toe associated with a bunion deformity that can cause pain and difficulty in walking

What is hemarthrosis?

Blood within a joint.

What is polymyalgia rheumatica?

An inflammatory disorder causing prominent proximal pain and stiffness, especially shoulder and hip girdles.

What is the coronal suture?

The suture between the frontal and parietal bones

What is the lambdoid suture?

The suture between parietal and occipital bones

What is the squamous suture?

The suture between parietal and temporal bones.

What is the external acoustic (auditory) meatus?

The opening of the ear canal in the temporal bone.

What is the mastoid process?

A bony projection of the temporal bone posterior to the ear

What is the olecranon?

The proximal ulna that forms the point of the elbow.

What is a malleolus?

A bony prominence at the ankle formed by the distal tibia or fibula

What is the popliteal region?

The posterior region of the knee.

What is an orthopedic surgeon?

A physician specializing in surgical and nonsurgical treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

What is a rheumatologist?

A physician specializing in rheumatic and autoimmune musculoskeletal diseases

What is a podiatrist?

A clinician specializing in disorders of the foot and ankle.

What does oste/o mean?

Bone

What does cost/o mean?

Rib

What does -desis mean?

Binding or surgical fusion.

What does -lysis mean?

What does spondyl/o mean?

What does chondr/o mean?

Cartilage

Name the three upper abdominal regions from the patient's right to left.

Right hypochondriac → epigastric → left hypochondriac.

Name the three middle abdominal regions from right to left.

Right lumbar → umbilical → left lumbar.

Name the three lower abdominal regions from right to left.

Right iliac → hypogastric → left iliac.

Which abdominal region is highlighted?

Epigastric region.

Which abdominal quadrant is highlighted?

Right lower quadrant (RLQ).

Which abdominal region is highlighted?

Hypogastric region.

Which abdominal quadrant is highlighted?

Right lower quadrant (RLQ).

What anatomical region is highlighted?

Inguinal region — the groin.

What do oophor/o and ovari/o mean?

Ovary

What does salping/o mean?

Uterine/Fallopian tube.

What does pharyng/o mean?

Pharynx

What does thyr/o mean?

Thyroid gland.

What does lapar/o refer to?

Abdomen or abdominal wall.

What is a colostomy?

A surgically created opening of the colon onto the body surface.

What is abdominal paracentesis?

Removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity using a needle or catheter.

What does interstitial mean?

Located in the spaces between cells or tissue structures.