Biomolecules, Macromolecules

Macromolecules

Large molecules formed by joining smaller molecules together, also known as polymers, made from monomers linked by covalent bonds.

Dehydration Synthesis

The process of linking monomers by removing a water molecule to form a polymer.

Hydrolysis

The process of breaking down polymers by adding a water molecule to release monomers.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as immediate energy sources and structural support in plants.

Polysaccharides

Polymers of carbohydrates formed by linking monosaccharides, examples include starch and cellulose.

Lipids

Hydrophobic macromolecules including fats and oils, primarily providing long-term energy storage and insulation.

Amino Acids

The monomers of proteins, consisting of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

Nucleic Acids

Biomacromolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Peptide Bond

A covalent bond formed between the carboxyl end of one amino acid and the amino end of another amino acid.

Nucleotides

Monomers that make up nucleic acids, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.