Soeffing Human Anatomy Third Exam (Answers)

The star-like shaped neuroglia located primarily between neurons and blood vessels, which are thought to function as part of the blood-brain barrier are ______.

a. astrocytes
b. oligodendroglia
c. microglia
d. More than one of the above are correct
e. None of the above are correct

a. astrocytes

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system serves the skeletal muscles?

a. CNS
b. ANS
c. Somatic system
d. Parasympathetic system
e. Sympathetic system

c. Somatic system

Which of the following contain(s) cerebrospinal fluid?

a. subarachnoid space
b. central canal
c. ventricles
d. Two of the above are correct
e. All of the above are correct

e. All of the above are correct

Which of the following is most likely to contain the cell bodies of peripheral somatic sensory neurons?

a. dorsal root ganglia (posterior root ganglia)
b. dorsal horn (posterior horn)
c. ventral root (anterior root)
d. ventral horn (anterior horn)
e. chain glanglia

b. dorsal horn (posterior horn)

Which of the following is a collection of neuron cell bodies and synapses lying outside the CNS?

a. nucleus
b. commissural tract
c. projection tract
d. ganglion
e. spinal cord

d. glanglion

The major centers in the brain that control respiration are located in the ______.

a. cerebrum and medulla oblongata
b. pons and medulla oblongata
c. pons and midbrain (mesencephalon)
d. midbrain (mesencephalon) and cerebellum

b. pons and medulla oblongata

Which of the following regulates and coordinates autonomic activities--the link or relay between the cerebral cortex and lower centers?

a. cerebellum
b. thalamus
c. hypothalamus
d. pons

c. hypothalamus

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is mostly associated with the everyday regulation of visceral effectors?

a. autonomic, parasympathetic division
b. autonomic, sympathetic division
c. somatic division
d. central nervous system

a. autonomic, parasympathetic division

9. ____Sympathetic
10. ____Parasympathetic
11. ____Preganglionic neuron
12. ____Postganglionic neuron
13. ____Sympathetic chain ganglia

a. thoracolumbar origin
b. conduct impulses to ganglia
c. craniosacral origin
d. conduct impulses from ganglia
e. extends from C2 to coccyx vertebrae

9. a
10. c
11. b
12. d
13. e

If the anterior root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the regions supplied by that spinal cord?

a. complete loss of sensation
b. complete loss of movement
c. complete loss of sensation and movement
d. complete loss of movement and possibly sympathetic autonomic control

c. complete loss of sensation and movement

All tropic hormones perform the same general function, each stimulates one other endocrine gland to grow and secrete its hormone at a faster rate.

a. true
b. false

a. true

The pituitary portal system ______.

a. delivers releasing factors from supraoptic nuclei
b. allows the hypothalamus to communicate with the cerebral cortex
c. involves a capillary bed in the nurohypophysis
d. All of the above are correct
e. None of the above are correct

e. None of the above are correct

Systemic controllers of cellular activities are called ______.

a. enzymes
b. hormones
c. prostaglandins
d. proteins

b. hormones

Which of the following is not a hormone of the anterior pituitary?

a. thyroid-stimulating hormone
b. adrenocorticotrophic hormone
c. antidiuretic hormone
d. growth hormone
e. All of the above are hormones of the adenohypophysis

c. antidiuretic hormone

The Islets of Langerhans produce hormones in the ______.

a. liver
b. heart
c. kidney
d. pancreas

d. pancreas

Parathromone and calcitonin are to blood calcium levels as insulin and glucagon are to ______.

a. blood glucose levels
b. blood sodium levels
c. blood enzyme levels
d. blood potassium levels

a. blood glucose levels

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) ______.

a. is produced by the adrenal cortex
b. helps to concentrate urine
c. is produced by the neurohypophysis
d. Two of the above are correct
e. All of the above are correct

d. Two of the above are correct (b & c)

The walls of the capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelial cells. Arteries and veins have a similar arrangements of layers--an external tunica adventitia, a muscle coat (tunica media), an elastic white fibrous tissue layer, and an endothelial lining (tunica intima)--but differ in their respective thickness. Veins are much thinner than arteries, and in addition, have one-way valves along their course to enhance their function.

a. true
b. false

a. true

The first three branches off of the aortic arch, supplying blood to the upper extremities, head and shoulders are in chronological order:

a. brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery
b. brachiocephalic artery, right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery
c. brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, right subclavian artery
d. brachiocephalic artery, right common carotid artery, right sublcavian artery
e. brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

e. brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

All of the following are functions of blood except ______.

a. transport of dissolved gas
b. distribution of nutrients
c. restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels
d. digestion of enzymes

d. digestion of enzymes

Between 50% and 70% of the circulating white blood cells are ______.

a. eosinophils
b. neutrophils
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes

b. neutrophils

______ shed their nuclei and soon develop the appearance of mature erythrocytes.

a. Erythroblasts
b. Reticulocytes
c. Granulocytes
d. Agranulocytes

b. Reticulocytes

The pulmonary circuit is to the lungs as the systemic circuit is to the ______.

a. heart
b. trunk
c. rest of the body
d. brain

c. rest of the body

Blood leaves the left ventricle to enter systemic circulation via the ______.

a. pulmonary arteries
b. pulmonary veins
c. vena cavae
d. ascending arota

d. ascending arota

The muscular tissue of the heart comprises the ______.

a. myocardium
b. endocardium
c. epicardium
d. coronary sinus

a. myocardium

Tension in the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles braces the cusps during ventricular systole to prevent ______.

a. contraction of the atria
b. forward blood flow
c. vena cava regurgitation
d. regurgitation of blood

d. regurgitation of blood

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood?

a. superior vena cava
b. pulmonary artery
c. pulmonary vein
d. brachiocephalic vein

c. pulmonary vein

The artery of the upper arm is the ______.

a. brachial
b. ulnar
c. radial
d. axillary

a. brachial

In the fetal circulation, the connection between the pulmonary and aortic trunks is the ______.

a. foramen ovale
b. fossa ovalis
c. ductus arteriosus
d. ductus venosus

c. ductus arteriosus

Lymph returns to the blood circulation through the lymphatics and enters the blood circulation at the ______.

a. left and right sublavian arteries
b. left and right subclavian veins
c. inferior vena cava
d. left and right common carotid arteries
e. left and right internal jugular veins

b. left and right subclavian veins

Lymph nodes perform two functions of ______.

a. defense and hemopoiesis
b. hemopoiesis and pumping action for the lymphatics
c. defense and pumping action for lymphatics
d. lymphogenesis and erythropoiesis
e. None of the above are correct

a. defense and hemopoiesis

Tracing movement of air from the nares to the alveoli, the following structures would be contracted in the chronological sequence:

a. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and aolveoli
b. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and aolveoli
c. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, aolveoli, and alveolar ducts
d. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, larynx, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and aolveoli
e. None of the above are correct

b. anterior nares, vestibule, posterior nares, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and aolveoli

The surface of the nasal cavity functions to do all of the following except ______.

a. filter the air
b. cool the air
c. heat the air
d. humidify the air

b. cool the air

The passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems is the ______.

a. trachea
b. pharynx
c. larynx
d. esophagus

b. pharynx

What structure projects into the pharynx above the glottis?

a. cuneiform cartilage
b. corniculate cartilage
c. epiglottis
d. larynx
e. None of the above are correct

c. epiglottis

The amount of air that moves in and out of the respiratory system during a normal quiet respiratory cycle is the ______.

a. tidal volume
b. expiratory reserve
c. inspiratory reserve
d. vital capacity

a. tidal volume

The opening in the diaphragm through the esophagus and dorsal aorta leaves the thoracic cavity is called the esophageal ______.

a. hiatus
b. sphincter
c. body
d. fundus

a. hiatus

Parietal cells and chief cells are the dominant secretory cell of the ______.

a. mucous glands
b. salivary glands
c. gastric glands
d. pancreas

c. gastric glands

The largest visceral organ is the ______.

a. spleen
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. stomach

b. liver

______ function to increase the surface area available for absorption in the small intestines.

a. Gastric pits
b. Plicae
c. Hepatic veins
d. Polyps

b. Pilcae

What guards the passageway between the ileum and the cecum?

a. ileocecal valve
b. pyloric sphincter
c. intestinal crypts
d. taenia coli

a. ileocecal valve

The urinary system includes all of the following except the ______.

a. kidney
b. ureters
c. urethra
d. gall bladder

d. gall bladder

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the ______.

a. ureter
b. renal corpuscle
c. neuron
d. nephron

d. nephron