AP World History: Unit 6, THE NEW IMPERIALISM, 1800s-1900s

Name some of the driving forces of European Imperialists in Africa.

1) Resources

2) Competition

3) Land & Power

4) They had technological advantages

5) The need to help "African people

Which five countries dominated during old imperialism (the Age of Exploration/Discovery in the 16th c.)?

Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Britain, and France

Which three countries dominated along with old imperialists during new imperialism (19th c.)?

The U.S., Germany, Belgium, and Japan, in addition to old imperial powers (England, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands)

Name new regions colonized during the New Imperialism. (3)

-Interior parts of Africa (not just the coast as in the old imperialism of the 16th c.)

-British control over India

-Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands

-Spheres of influence by Europe & Japan in China

-Korea & Taiwan by Japan

Give examples of how industrialization paved the way for imperialism.

-cotton grown in colonies like the British colonies of South Asia (India), Egypt, South Africa

-New technology (steamships, telegraphs, canals, maxim guns, improved rifles)

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

Europeans arranged the division (partition) of Africa among themselves. It was organized by Bismark from newly created Germany

What was the 'White Man's Burden"?

The need of white men to "help" people in Africa, Asia, etc. was one excuse for colonization

Who first began the colonize of Africa's interior and kicked of the "new imperialism" in the 19th c.?

Belgium

How did Belgians treat Africans?

Millions of Africans were mutilated or killed; there were brutal, slave like conditions

Why did Belgians colonize in Africa?

For palm oil, rubber, and ivory

What were 2 very important, luxury resources in Africa?

gold, diamonds, rubber, palm oil, etc.

Settler colony

Large numbers of people from the mother country come to the colonies to live in the colony and establish a permanent presence.

What was a new, valuable, French settler colony?

Algeria

What were 3, new, British settler colonies?

South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia

Which are some exports that helped fuel the British economy?

opium and cotton

How did the British East India Co. influence trade?

-They had control of key goods

-Hired Indian soldiers for protection (sepoys)

-Locally produced textiles declined (in India due to cheap British cotton pouring in)

-Captive market for British factory goods

What was the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857?

Hindu and Muslim Sepoys rebelled against the East India Co., but the British military intervened, resulting in the British gov't taking direct control of India

Describe Indian jobs within India.

Indian laborers worked for the British as miners, farmers, Sepoy, and low level gov't bureaucrats

What are indentured servants, and characteristics?

Contractual workers, and they were sent to other parts of the empire. British supplied transportation of many Indian laborers to other parts of the British empire as indentured servants - to new lands and provided food, shelter, and meager pay

What Chinese goods where Europeans buying?

Tea, silk, and porcelain, where exchanged for European silver and gold

What were the causes of the Opium War?

Europe's trade deficit was growing, so Britain illegally imported a highly addictive drug, opium, into China. China's response was to arrest drug dealers, and destroy drugs (Boston Tea Party? More like Chinese Drug Party haha @Mr. Clemons)

Describe the results of the Opium War.

Britain declared war on China to protect its drug trade, resulting in a British victory. Britain then declared an unequal treaty, giving Britain

-Hong Kong island

-payments for damages to the British

-extraterritorial rights

-New ports opened for trade

-Second Opium War = more trade rights for Europeans

What was the Self-Strengthening Movement?

A movement led by regional Chinese leaders to adopt Western tech, but preserve Chinese culture. However, it lacked support from the empress and conservative confucianists

What was the Sino Japanese War?

Dispute over influence in Korea, a surprising loss for China in which Japan annexed its first colony (Taiwan, Formosa)

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A rebellion in which Chinese fighters were encouraged by the Empress to fight the "foreign devils". and support the Qing. Japan and European states put down the rebels

What were Meiji Restoration reforms (began 1868)?

The emperor was "restored" to power, which eliminated the position of shogun, and began a period of rapid industrialization, followed by empire building.

What big changes came to Japan compared to the Tokugawa Period?

-Trade with the West

-Industrialization, westernization, and military reforms

What was gunboat diplomacy?

The obvious advantage U.S. had over Japan with their gunboats, and they used that to force Japan to trade with the U.S.

What were Zaibatsus?

Powerful business and banking families which helped industrialize Japan; they were given grants of power and favors by the Meiji emperor

What two early colonies did Japan annex in 1895 and 1905?

Formosa (Taiwan) and Korea

What was the Russo-Japanese war, and what were the results?

A dispute over influence in northeast Asia, resulting in a Japanese victory and the annexation of Korea

What was the Ottoman Empire called and why?

It was called "The Sick man of Europe", because it was shrinking/declining in the 1800s, before WWI.

What was happening in the Balkan Peninsula during the 1800s?

nationalist independence movements of more states from the Ottoman empire (such as Greece and Serbia)

Describe characteristics of the Tanzimat Reforms.

-Reorganize and westernize university and military

-Built rail, telegraph, and postal systems

What was the Constitution of 1876 in the Ottoman Empire?

Legal equality of religious groups...this only last a short time because the next Sultan and many Sunni conservatives and Turkish nationalists opposed this

What did the Mexican American War result in?

The U.S. expansion to the south west and California

What was the United Fruit Company?

U.S. business that built large plantations (e.g. bananas) in Central America, which influenced economies and gov't into the 20th c.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced removal of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma by the U.S. government

Who were Ghost Dancers?

Native American religious practitioners believed that ghost dancing would revitalize the Earth and indigenous culture, ancestors would return, and it would lead to the disappearance of white settlers

Egypt, India, and South Africa colonized by?

Great Britain

Taiwan colonized by?

Japan

Siberia colonized by?

Russia

Egypt & Sudan colonized by?

Britain

South Africa colonized by?

Britain

Algeria colonized by?

France

Chinese Exclusion Act

Excluded Chinese laborers from entering the U.S. (non-workers, like students and merchants were allowed). Passed as a result of anti-immigrant sentiment, as Chinese immigrants were seen as taking jobs/work from non-Chinese Americans, especially in the Western U.S..