Intro to Anesthetics (Terminologies & Stages)

Sleep

characterized by depression of the critical activity as promoted by drugs which depress the activity of the higher centers

loss of consciousness

depression of the activity of the higher centers results to ___

Hypnotics

drug that induces sleep

soporific/ somnifacient

Hypnotics is also known as

Somnus

name of the Greek God where the term Somnifacient came from

Anesthesia

drugs that produce sleep and loss of pain

Local anesthesia

loss of pain in limited parts of the body

Regional anesthesia

loss of pain of a limited, but larger than local

General anesthesia

loss of pain of the whole body and there is loss of consciousness (patient is asleep)

Surgical anesthesia

part in the general anesthesia where in it is time to perform surgery

Basal anesthesia

light level of anesthesia produced by pre-anesthetic drug

Dissociative anesthesia

produces disassociation of the patient from its environment (animal is in light sleep and is aware of its environment)

dissociative anesthetics

Dissociative anesthesia is produced by

Analgesics

drug that produce analgesia

Analgesia

loss of pain without loss of consciousness

Narcotics

drugs that produce narcosis

True

T or F: all drugs that produce narcosis / sleep regardless of its classification such as anesthetics , are also called narcotics

Narcosis

analgesia accompanied by deep sleep (resembles deep sleep)

Nothria

stuporous state and use to define mental and motor inactivity. there are narcotics and hypnotics that can also affect the reasoning ability (psychosis)

Catalepsy

rigidity of the muscle, so that the animal tend to remain in any position of placement (no muscle contraction but muscle is rigid)

Nociceptor

pain receptors of the body (area / receptor where drugs bind)

Sedative

drug that produce sedation. These are drugs that are used to quiet an excited animal (with drowsiness)

sedation

the patient is awake but calm and free from nervousness

physical

Sedative has effects on the ___ state of patient

Tranquilizer

drug that produce ataraxia (no drowsiness and no analgesia)

ataractic/ neuroleptic

Tranquilizer is Also known as

mental / emotional

Tranquilizer takes effect on ___ state of patient

Ataraxia

perfect peace or calmness of the mind

Neuroleptanalgesia

combine effect of ataraxia and loss of pain

Neuroleptanalgesic

drugs given to anesthetic risk animals with great problems (effects of tranquilizer + analgesia)

Balance Anesthesia

produce anesthetic triad

- the achievement of:- analgesia,- narcosis, and- muscle relaxation

The 3 sensations / effects of drug that should be produced by the triad

atropine- pre-anesthetic- general anesthesia

triad is achieved by giving patient __

Stage I

Stage of voluntary excitement

Stage of Analgesia

other term for Stage of voluntary excitement

Stage II

Stage of involuntary excitement

Stage of Delirium

other term for Stage of involuntary excitement

Stage III

Stage of surgical anesthesia

Stage IV

Medullary paralysis

Stage I : Stage of voluntary excitement / Stage of Analgesia

In this stage, Animals is awake- with Excitement, vigorous paddling movement- Analgesia, loss of pain

In this stage, there is Analgesia- Asleep Excitement, vigorous paddling movement- Nystagmus- “Rock the boat” respiration

irregular respiration

“Rock the boat” respiration means __ (Stage II)

atropine

helps in salivation, choking and muscle reflex in swallowing (Stage II)

Preanesthetic medication

are given to lessen the effects of stage I and stage II

sedatives, muscle relaxants, hypnotics

3 examples of Preanesthetic medication

Stage of induction

In the presence of Stage I and Stage II is the __

Stage III: Stage of surgical anesthesi

is subdivided into 4 planes

Light surgical anesthesia : (plane 1 and 2) + Deep surgical anesthesia: (plane 3 and 4)

the 4 planes of Stage III

Light surgical anesthesia

plane 1 and 2

Deep surgical anesthesia

plane 3 and 4

Light surgical anesthesia : (plane 1 and 2)

There is

1. pupillary reflex / photo-motor reflex (effects of atropine: mydriasis- dilation of pupil, miosis- constriction of pupil)

2. palpebral reflex (eyelids)

3. aural reflex (auditory)

4. Pedal reflex (feet and digits)

Deep surgical anesthesia: (plane 3 and 4)

- all reflexes are gone- : perform surgery

Stage III

This stage is maintained while performing surgery

Stage IV: Medullary paralysis

Weak heart beat- Weak pulse- Cyanosis- Loss of function of sphincter muscle

1.emergency or aesthetic or elective (scheduled) surgery

Stage IV: Medullary paralysis depends if surgery is or _

pre-operative procedure

- fasting of 24hrs (patient)- water (intake during hot weather is 3hrs before surgery; cold weather 6hrs)

procedure for 1 hour before surgery

patient mustexpel its waste / stimulation of defecation and urination

1st Give oxygen therapy and CNS stimulants

How do you stimulate: heart, brain and respiratory system

CNS stimulants

drugs that stimulate the heart

epinephrine, doxapram, nikethamide

3 examples of CNS stimulants