Cold War Crises - Bay of Pigs Berlin wall Missile crisis

Why was the Berlin Wall built

To stop the Brain Drain of skilled workers fleeing to west germany. 3 Million fled by 1958

What was the Berlin Ultimatum and its consequences

• Berlin be demilitarised

• Berlin to become a free city

  Sparked outrage over Krushchevs’s demands

When was the U-2 Spy Plane shot down

1960

Area of Land which separated East and West Berlin

“death strip” “No mans land”

Negative impacts of the Berlin wall

• For Soviets, They had to “lock” people into east Germany

• For West, People could no longer escape from communism

What were the positive impacts of the berlin wall

• For Soviets, Stopped the brain drain

• For West, Krushchev had been forced to accept western control in west berlin.

• For west, West Berlin became a symbol of freedom and rejection of communism within east germany

What agreement was made between Cuba and Soviet union and when

1960

Agreement to buy cuban sugar and to give economic aid, secret cause to receive arms and soviet advisors

What happened during the bay of pigs invasion

On april 1961, 1400 Cuban exiles trained by the CIA landed at the bay of pigs to try and overthrow Castro, it failed.

In 1959 all land owned by foreign nationals was taken over which provoked the invasion and Kenedy did not like communism 90 miles from the USA

Name the summit meetings of 1959-61

Geneva 1959 - no agreement was made.

Camp David 1959 - soviets agreed to withdraw Berlin ultimatum

Paris 1960 - Khrushchev walked out over U-2 being shot down no agreements

Vienna 1961 - Khrushchev renewed Berlin Ultimatum to try and take a tough stance, Kennedy increased defence spending by over 2 Billion Dollars

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis

In 1962 a U-2 Plane spotted launch pads designed for MRBMs and Soviet ships were sailing with missiles to cuba

Why did Krushchev want nukes on cuba

Nato had missiles on Turkey

Castro did not want another attack on Cuba

What were the 13 days

The excomm was to meet everyday to discuss how the USA should react. On october 22 1962 they decided to set up a naval blockade around cuba. Soviet ships turned around

What were the consequences of the Cuban Missle Crisis

• 1963 a direct communications line was setup between Washington and Moscow

• 1963 A Test Ban Treaty was set up and was signed by the USA, Soviets and Britain

• 1967 Outer Space Treaty was signed to stop space being used for military purposes

• 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons