Human Gross Anatomy for Occupational Therapists (PT 6703) Course Introduction

Vocabulary practice cards covering Course Introduction, Anatomical terminology, Nervous System anatomy, Spinal Osteology, and Back Musculature based on the PT 6703 lecture transcript.

Anatomical Position

The anatomical baseline for any biomechanical or musculoskeletal concepts.

Proximal

A directional term meaning closer to the trunk or point of attachment.

Distal

A directional term meaning farther from the trunk or point of attachment.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; receives and processes sensory information, plans and initiates motor responses, regulates body systems, and stores memories.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Consists of motor and sensory neurons that transmit information between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Somatic Nervous System

A division of the Peripheral Nervous System that controls voluntary muscle contraction and movement.

Autonomic Nervous System

Regulates involuntary functions of the body and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Sympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "Fight or flight" response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "Rest and digest" response.

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

Neurons that transmit information from sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System.

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

Neurons that transmit information from the Central Nervous System to muscles and glands.

Neuron

Basic cell of the nervous system, characterized by a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, wrapped in endoneurium.

Fascicle

A bundle of neurons sheathed in perineurium.

Epineurium

The connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve.

Cervical Lordosis

The anteriorly convex curvature of the cervical spine ($C-1$ to $C-7$).

Thoracic Kyphosis

The posteriorly convex curvature of the thoracic spine ($T-1$ to $T-12$).

Vertebral Foramen

The opening in a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes.

Zygapophyseal (facet) Joint

The joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Atlas ($C-1$)

The first cervical vertebra, which lacks a body and articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull.

Axis ($C-2$)

The second cervical vertebra, characterized by the odontoid process (dens) which serves as a pivot point for the atlas.

Atlanto-axial Joint

The joint between the atlas and axis that allows for rotational movement of the head.

Cruciform Ligament

A cross-shaped ligament consisting of transverse and longitudinal fibers that holds the atlas and axis in place.

Scapulothoracic Joint

A functional joint where the scapula moves against the thoracic cage, allowing for elevation, depression, abduction (protraction), and adduction (retraction).

Trapezius

A superficial axio-scapular muscle consisting of descending (upper), transverse (middle), and ascending (lower) fibers.

Latissimus Dorsi

A superficial muscle of the back, known as a "false" back muscle, innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.

Erector Spinae

The intermediate layer of true intrinsic back muscles, consisting of the spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis.

Transversospinalis Group

The major deep intrinsic back muscles, which include the semispinalis, multifidi, and rotatores.

Brachial Plexus

A complex network of nerves ($C5$ to $T1$) that provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb.

OINA-P Model

A framework for studying muscles representing Origin, Insertion, Nerve, Action, and Palpation.