Studied by 4 people
What bones make up the foot?
Talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarslas, and phalanges
If an athlete does not take care of Achilles tendinitis, what may happen?
The tendon will weaken and may rupture
Metatarsals
the long bones of the foot
Lateral malleolus
distal part of the fibula
Medial malleolus
distal part of the tibia
Calf muscle
gastrocnemius
A lateral ankle ligament
anterior talofibular
A medial ankle ligament
deltoid
Hammertoe
hyperextesnion of the distal phalangeal joint
Bunion
excessive valgus stress
The most frequent ankle sprains are the result of excessive _________________.
inversion
Pain in the heel and medial longitudinal arch as a result of overuse is often caused by ______________________________.
Plantar Fasciitis
A more appropriate name for medial lower-leg pain caused by shin splints is ______________________________.
Medial tibial stress syndrome
The lower leg, foot, and ankle play a critical role in what?
Balance, shock absorption, and movement.
What are the bones of the toes called?
Phalanges
What’s the lateral malleolus?
End of the fibula on lateral aspect
What’s the medial malleolus?
End of the tibia on the medial side.
What’s the heel bone?
Calcaneus
What are the joints between the phalanges and metatarsals called?
Metatarsophalangeal joints
What do we call the long bones of the foot?
Metatarsals
What are the two small bones under the great toe called?
Sesamoids
What are the toe joints called?
Interphalangeal joints
The arches of the foot act as what?
shock absorbers
Which muscle group helps stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle?
Peroneal muscles
What's the medical name for the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemius
What's the name of the tendon that attaches the calf muscle to the heel?
Achilles tendon
Name another muscle besides the calf that meshes into the Achilles tendon.
Soleus
Name the three ligaments on the lateral side of the ankle.
Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular, and Calcaneofibular
What’s the name of the medial ligament of the ankle?
Deltoid Ligament
Which ligaments are stronger, the deltoid ligaent on the medial side of the three ligaments on the lateral side?
Deltoid
What are the common fracture sites of the foot, ankle, and lower-leg?
Base of the fifth metatarsal and the epiphyses of the distal tibia and fibula.
What is a Jones fracture?
avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal
What causes a Jones Fracture?
when an ankle is forced into inversion, the muscles contract so forcefully to stabilize it at the tendon pulls.
What usually causes these stress fractures?
Repetitive stress due to running
What's the pain like for a stress fracture?
More intense at night and following activity and right over the bone
Some physicians believe that a stress fracture can be distinguished by using what?
Tuning fork
What can verify the diagnosis of a stress fracture?
Bone scan
When will an x-ray show a stress fracture?
Two weeks after initial injury
What's another name for shin splints?
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
What is Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?
Muscle fibers on the medial side of the tibia become torn and irritated.
How can we relieve shin splints?
PRICES, rest, change training, wrapping (taping), new shoes, stretching, arch supports.
What is a typical symptom of an Achilles tendon rupture?
Athlete feels as if someone has shot them in the back of the lower leg.
What's the thick connective tissue that supports the arches?
Fascia
What is often used along with stretching for plantar fasciitis?
Heel cup
What interventions (treatments) are used for Plantar Faciitis?
Rest, arch supports, orthotics, night splints
In some instances, the plantar fascia pulling on the calcaneous causes what?
Heel spur
Are more ankle sprains caused by inversion or eversion?
Inversion
When the ankle inverts, which ligaments are injured?
Lateral
What's another name for a high ankle sprain?
Syndesmosis sprain
What is a syndesmosis?
The structure that binds the distal end of the tibia and fibula together
What takes longer to heal a lateral ankle sprain or a syndesmotic ankle sprain?
Syndesmotic
If the ankle dislocates, which direction will it go?
Anteriorly or Posteriorly
What's a hammertoe?
Middle joint of the toe is flexed and the other joints are hyper-extended
Hallux valgus is also known as what?
Bunion
What is hallux valgus?
Excessive valgus stress at the great toe.
Anterior compartment syndrome can sometimes be mistaken for what?
Shin splints
What are the critical indicators of Anterior Compartment Syndrome?
Inability to move the foot and severe pain.
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