psy women

sex

biological/anatomical category into which a person falls

Gender

term used to encompass the social expectations associated with femininity and masculinity

Third gender

an alternative role that allows an individual to opt out of the two gender categories and consider in terms of three or more gender categories

gender identities

cisgender, transgender, non-binary, gender fluid, agender

gender sterotypes

socially shared beliefs that certain qualities can be
assigned to individuals based on their gender.

Stereotype Content Model

stereotypes vary along two dimensions – warmth and competence. High-status groups viewed as competent while lower-statusgroups viewed as warm.

Descriptive gender stereotypes:

describe beliefs about what the typical woman and man are like.

Prescriptive gender stereotypes:

describe beliefs about what women and men should be like

Gender-intensified prescriptions:

traits that are desirable for everyone but especially desirable for people of a certain gender.

Gender-relaxed prescriptions:

traits that are considered desirable for everyone but are loosened for a specific gender.

Gender-relaxed proscriptions:

traits that are not considered socially desirable but that are granted more leeway and are forgiven for one gender more than the other.

Gender-intensified proscriptions:

traits that are undesirable in general and especially undesirable for one gender more than the other.

Instrumentality

associated with males more often

Expressiveness

associated with females more often

Gender Identities:

cisgender, transgender, non-binary, gender fluid, agender

Prejudice-

the negative evaluation of persons or their activities because they belong to a particular

sexism

the brand of prejudice that is based on a person's sexual category;
judgments about a person based on whether s/he is female or male

Hostile sexism

a type of sexism that includes dominance-oriented
paternalism, derogatory beliefs about women, and heterosexual hostility;
measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory

Benevolent sexism

a type of sexism that includes protective paternalism,
idealization of women, and desire for intimate relations; measured by the
Ambivalent Sexism Inventory

Modern sexism/Neosexism

a constellation of attitudes characterized by a
denial that women are still targets of discrimination, antagonism, toward
women's demands, and a lack of support for policies designed to improve
women's status

Gender microaggressions

brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral
indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile,
derogatory, or negative gender slights and insults that potentially have a
harmful impact on women and gender diverse individuals

Discrimination based on perceived suitability –

role congruity theory which suggests that prejudice against female leaders is based on perceived lack of fit between stereotypical femininity and requirements of the leader role.

Stereotype threat:

an individual’s awareness that he or she may be judged
by or may fulfill negative stereotypes about her or his gender, social class, or
ethnic group, can have a dramatic negative effect on performance

Equity

refers to fairness and justice and means everyone is provided specific resources they need to be successful.

Equality

everyone is treated the same exact way,
regardless of difference and specific need.

Stereotype Content Model

, stereotypes vary along two dimensions – warmth and competence. High status groups are more likely to be viewed as competent and lower status groups are more likely to be viewed as warm. lower status groups are more likely to be viewed as warm.

Model of Feminist Theory:

Systems and structures of power and oppression exist and they work against sex, gender, equality, difference, race ability, etc. this creates discrimination and exclusion – through action – power and oppression are acknowledged and disrupted - this supports understanding, advocacy, and change

feminism

the belief and movement that all people should have equal social, economic, and political rights, regardless of gender

socialist feminism

Marxism is one of the direct influences for socialist feminists.They argue that capitalism was expressly designed to benefit patriarchal hierarchies and encourage the subordination of women. Socialist feminists believe that women’s liberation must be sought in conjunction with the social and economic justice of all people. They see the fight to end male supremacy as key to social justice, but not the only issue, rather one of many forms of oppression that are mutually reinforcing.

examples of socialist feminism

Socialist feminism – emphasizes that there are many kinds of divisions between groups of people that can lead to oppression.
 Social feminists believe that acts of discrimination based
on social class, race, and gender are equally wrong
 Differential treatment according to one’s sex, race, or
social class reinforces each other, so that, for example a
poor woman of color is triply disadvantaged.

Black feminism

Black feminism is a philosophy centered around the condition
of Black women who experience oppression both on the basis
of race and sex. The National Black Feminist Organization was
formed in 1973 to distinguish their needs from mainstream civil
rights groups.
 Developed from criticism that women’s movement
excluded women of color and issues important to
them: poverty, racism, and needs such as jobs,
health care, good schools, and safe neighborhoods.

Radical feminism

Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism
that believes society prioritizes the male experience
and that gender roles are so far ingrained in every
facet of modern life that true equality can only be
achieved with a complete overhaul of the current
societal system.

Liberal feminism/Mainstream feminism

Liberal feminism is a main branch of feminism defined by
its focus on achieving gender equality through political
and legal reform within the framework of liberal
democracy.

what do Liberal feminist believes in.

• that women are entitled to full legal and social equality with men and who favors changes in laws, customs and values to achieve the goal of equality

• research on how people react to others when they violate gender norms, how children are socialized to accept gender roles and to accepts gender roles and sex discrimination in employment.

• emphasizes the similarities between men and women, maintaining that given equal environments and opportunities

cultural feminism

Cultural feminism is a term used to describe a variety of
feminism that attempts to revalue and redefine
attributes culturally ascribed to femaleness. It is also
used to describe theories that commend innate
differences between women and men.

what are the aspects of cultural feminism

• Emphasizes differences between women and men.

• Stresses that qualities characteristic of women have
  been devalued and should be honored and
  respected in society.

• Cultural feminism has been helpful in understanding
  the importance of unpaid work contributed by
  women, such as childcare.

• Used in discussing gender differences in values and
  social behaviors – for example, the apparent
  tendency for women to be more nurturing and
  caring than men

Ecofeminism

Ecofeminism aligns the historical and present-day
oppression of both women and the environment.
Argument is that patriarchal societies have used the
same methods to dominate the planet's resources as
they have to control women.

global feminism

concerns itself primarily with the forward movement of women’s rights on a global scale

Focus on how prejudice and discrimination against
women are related across cultures and how they are
connected to neocolonialism and global capitalism

 Issues of special concern to global feminists include:
- sweatshop labor conditions
- unequal access to health care and education
- forced prostitution
- strategies for change work best if they come from
within each culture, rather than being imposed
from outside

jobs that you can have with a women studies degree

• community outreach coordinator

• human rights advocate

• victim advocate

• human resources managers

• comunucations specilaist

• grant writer

• teacher or professor

• lawyer

• social worker

what other groups did womens studies help

women, people of color and LGBTQ+ community