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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Mechanism: block enzyme that activates angiotensin → help widen blood vessels and lower BP
Indication: Hypertension, congested arteries, post myocardial infarction
Contraindication: pregnancy
Side effects: dry cough (switch to ARBs)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Mechanism: block receptors that receive angiotensin→ lower BP
Indication: Hypertension, congested arteries, post myocardial infarction
Contraindication: pregnancy
Beta-Blockers
Mechanism: Block effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) → lower BP
Indication: hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, angina
Metropolol Tartrate: immediate release (take twice daily)
Metropolol Succinate: extended-release (take once daily)
Side effects: fatigue, bradycardia (slow heart rate)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Mechanism: inhibit entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells → relax blood vessels and reduce heart rate
Indication: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmia
Side effects: peripheral edema (swelling), palpitations, drowsiness, headache
Classified into 2 types: dihydropyridine, non-dyhydropyridine
Diuretics (water pills)
Mechanism: promote amount of water excreted through urine → reduce BP
Indication: edema related hypertension
Side effects: frequent urination
Thiazide Diuretics:
promote sodium/potassium, excretion of water thru kidneys
Side effects: hyponatremia (caused by low sodium) and hypokalemia (caused by low potassium in blood)
Combination Pills:
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ): frequently combined with other anti hypertensive drugs
Loop Diuretics:
