Social development Exam 2:

When does joy emerge? How do we know?

3 months

Social smiling

T/F- During the first year or so of life, infants have a fairly rich emotional life with predictable emotional expressions?

True

T/F- Age of entry and number of hours in childcare is associated with an insecure attachment?

False

The inability to form attachment relationships with:

Insecure-avoidant child or dismissing adult

Name 4 phases of attachment:

1. Pre attachment (before 2 months)

2. Attachment in the making (2-7 months)

3. Clear Attachment (7-24 months)

4. Goal corrected partnership (24+ months)

What are the 3 ways you can measure temperament:

1) Parent/Teacher report

2) Physiological

3) Lab Observation

Factors in development that increase the likelihood that negative outcomes will occur in the face of adversity are called what?

Risk factors (social changes, emotional change, abuse, violence...)

When does surprise emerge? How do we know?

We don't know when it emerges

3 Classifications of Temperament:

1) Easy

2) Difficult

3) Slow to warm

Define internal working model:

How we describe ourselves and others in specific domains

Describe the types of fear that can occur in development

- separation anxiety

- stranger anxiety

What are self-conscious emotions?

Emotions that occur abt the age of 2yrs old. Child must understand a sense of self to feel emotions like ; shame, guilt, embarrassment...

Temperament is thought to be stable. Yet there are limitations. What are two important things to consider when thinking about temperamental stability?

1) Reactivity

2) Mechanism to regulate reactions

3) Goodnes-to-fit

Around what age can babies begin to differentiate between different emotions?

Infant age

Name two findings about fathers and attachment.

1) children are more attached to their mothers than their father

2) father can be a buffer, if child's mother is absent

Two ways that children can regulate their emotions?

1) emotional script

2) facial cues

Name the four characteristics/ behaviors of attachment? (PSHS)

1) proximity Seeking

2) separation distress

3) happiness at reunion

4) social referencing

How might infants end up with an avoidant attachment classification?

Parent interacts with child on their terms and are consistently unavailable

Define goodness of fit:

Creating an environment that best fits a child's needs and temperament

Cultural expectations for what emotion you are allowed to express and when.

Display roles

Describe a secure infant during the strange situation

Child who is secure will show less distress in a situation where they are with a stranger and not their caretaker and also show happiness when reunited with their caretaker

Name three ways that the family contribute to emotion regulation and emotional understanding

1) how family shows emotion

2) how family handles own emotions

3) how parents discipline child

Define Attachment

a close emotional bond between two people/ caregivers

Three reasons why a primary caregiver might be inconsistent or insensitive to their infant/toddler.

1) SES

2) maternal depression

3) parenting style

4) child abuse

5) language used abt emotions

When does disgust emerge (primary emotion)?

At birth

Looking to a caregiver for information on how to behave in an ambiguous situation.

Social referencing

Schemas about what emotions are likely to occur in which situation.

Emotional script

What are the six primary (basic) emotions?

1) Disgust

2) sadness

3) joy

4) fear

5) interest

6) surprise

4 types of attachment (SAAD)

1) secure

2) anxious

3) avoidant

4) disorganized

Describe the functional perspective on emotions

Babies are born to show their survival needs—> content or in distress

What factors influence identity development?

- school

- friends

- cognition

- parents

- culture