Anatomy-General Intro & Review of Systems

Hollow area of organs, vessels, and airways

Lumen

The inner region or core of an organ

Medullary

The outer region or layer of an organ/body part

Cortex (cortical)

T/F: basal refers to the bottom part of an organ

F, the base is not always the bottom (eg. heart)

What are the 2 dorsal cavities?

Cranial and spinal

What are the 2 ventral cavities?

thoracic and abdominopelvic

What makes up the thoracic cavity?

Mediastinum and left/right pleural cavities

What creates a thin, watery fluid that lubricates organs as they rub against one another?

serous membranes

T/F: serous membranes are one continuous sheet

true (balloon example)

____________ membranes line the wall of the body cavity

Parietal

_____________ membranes cover the surface of the organ

Visceral

The mediastinum contains these 12 things

Heart, trachea, left and right bronchi, esophagus, thymus, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, vena cava, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, nerves

The heart is covered in a double-layered ______________

pericardium

Pericarditis is inflammation of the ____________ ____________ often attributed to infection

serous membrane

Invagination

Depression

Evagination

Protrusion

What movements can you perform in the sagittal plane?

flexion and extension

What movements can you perform in the coronal plane?

abduction, adduction

What movements can you perform in the transverse plane?

Rotation

Fingers spread apart is _____________

abduction

Fingers all together is ____________

adduction

Supination is rotating __/__

out/up

Pronation is rotating ___/___

in/down

Moving your toes/foot to the ceiling is called?

dorsiflexion

Pointing your toes/foot down to the ground is called?

plantarflexion

Moving the sole of your foot medially is called?

inversion

Moving the sole of your foot laterally is called?

Eversion

Which has thinner walls-veins or arteries?

veins

Which has larger lumens-veins or arteries?

veins

The innermost layer of blood vessel tissue is called?

tunica intima

The tunica intima is lined with ____ layer of ____________ cells

one, endothelial

The middle layer of blood vessel tissue is called?

tunica media

Tunica media contains _________ __________ cells

smooth muscle

The outermost layer of blood vessel tissue is called?

tunica adventitia

Tunica adventitia is made of?

fibroblasts, collagen, elastin

Vasa vasorum

a blood vessel for the blood vessel

The basic flow of blood in blood vessels is?

artery, arterioles, capillary, venule, vein

Capillaries only possess which blood vessel layer?

tunica intima

When arteries and veins create an imbalance of fluid (lymph) in the tissue, ______________ vessels will take the excess fluid out, filter it through _______ ________ and give it to the _______ which will then recirculate it properly

lymphatic, lymph nodes, veins

How many liters of blood is pumped every minute by an adult?

5-6

The right atrium receives?

de-oxygenated blood

The left atrium receives?

oxygenated blood

The right ventricle receives?

de-oxygenated blood

The left ventricle receives?

oxygenated blood

What is the order of circulation through the heart?

right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, systemic circulation

The arterial system brings O2 _________ blood ________ from the heart

rich, away

The venous system brings O2. ___________ blood _________ the heart

depleted, toward

Pulmonary veins bring _____________ blood ________ the heart

oxygenated, toward

What are the 2 ducts that take lymph and return it to the venous system?

thoracic and right lymphatic

Coronary arteries arise from the _________ of the __________ ___________ valve

sinuses, aortic semilunar

The aorta gives rise to this vessel(s) on the R side?

brachiocephalic artery

The aorta gives rise to this vessel(s) on the L side?

L common carotid artery, L subclavian artery

The abdominal aorta is below your ___________

diaphragm

What is the major blood flow through the arm?

subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar, palmar arches

The subclavian artery is found at?

lateral edge of first rib

The brachial artery is found at?

inferior edge of teres major

the radial and ulnar arteries are found at?

antecubital fossa

What is the major blood flow through the leg?

abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, external and internal iliac artery, femoral artery, deep femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior and posterior tibial artery

What forms the Circle of Willis?

internal carotid artery, vertebral artery

What composes the axial skeleton?

skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum

What composes the appendicular skeletan?

upper and lower limb bones

Each bone is made of ______ bone and _______ bone

compact, spongy

Compact bone provides an area for?

muscle attachment

Compact bone contains ______

osteons

A ______ is a structural & functional unit of compact bone

osteon

Osteocytes are located in small _______ (gaps between lamellae)

lacunae

Canalculi connect ________ to _________ _______

lacunae to blood vessels

Osteoblasts become _______ when they mature

osteocytes

Purpose of osteoclasts?

break down bone for nutrients or release of minerals

The ________ ______ forms the outer boundary of an osteon from the interstitial lamellar bone

cement line

Lamellae are the rings of osteons that contain ___________ and a _____________ _______

collagen, calcified matrix

The haversion canal contains?

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels

The haversian canal runs down the center of each ________

osteon

Sharpey’s fibers connect _______ bone to _________

compact, periosteum

Osteoblasts are known as ____ __________

bone producers

Osteon are?

basic structural unit of bone

These connect the blood vessels of each osteon

Volkmann canals

Spongy bone forms a lattice of thin beams called?

trabeculae

The spongy bone contains reticular tissue that contains _____ ____ responsible for making _____

stem cells, RBC

Connective tissue covering bone except for joints

periosteum

The periosteum is anchored to compact bone via?

Sharpey’s fibers

At the top of bones, you’d expect to see ___________ instead of periosteum

cartilage (to connect to joints)

The outer layer of periosteum is pierced by blood vessels and nerve fibers that pass into the ____________ _______

volkmann’s canals

The endosteum contains ________ and __________

osteoblasts, osteoclasts

The endosteum lines the _________ ________

medullary cavity

Shell of compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity

diaphysis (shaft)

The __________ is a shell of compact bone covering spongy bone, with spaces filled with ______ ________

epiphysis, red marrow

Red marrow is a site for ________

hemopoiesis

Hemopoises

site of production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

area between diaphysis and epiphysis

Metaphysis

The epiphyseal (growth) plate is made of?

hyaline cartilage

The epiphyseal (growth) plate is located between?

epiphysis and diaphysis

The epiphyseal plate becomes the ___________ ______ in adulthood

epiphyseal line

The __________ _________ is filled with yellow marrow

medullary cavity

Intramembranous bone ossifies from a ________ percursor

membrane

Bones of the face, calvaria, clavicle, and distal tips of fingers are all examples of?

intramembraneous bone

Endochondral bone ossifies from a ________ percursor

(hyaline) cartilage

Limb bones and bones of the cranial base are examples of?

endochondral bones

All bone starts out as a sheet of undifferentiated _________ cells in embryo/fetus

mesenchyme

Intramembraneous ossification proceeds directly from the __________

mesenchyme