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what are the three types of fossil fuel?
coal (solid), crude oil (liquid), and natural gas (gas)
what is crude oil?
crude oil is a fossil fuel which is a mixture of many different compounds, mostly hydrocarbons such as alkanes and alkenes
what is crude oil and how is it formed?
crude oil is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, particularly plankton/algae, that were buried under the earth and over millions of years, these organic remains were subject to compressed under extreme pressure and heat - the heat and pressure chemically changed the organic remains into crude oil
is crude oil renewable?
crude oil is a finite (non-renewable) resource as it takes millions of years to form, so it can not be reformed in a human’s time frame
what is the name of the process we use to separate the components of crude oil?
fractional distillation is used to separate the different components of crude oil
what is the first step of the process of fractional distillation of crude oil?
crude oil is heated to vaporise it into a gas and passed into the fractionating column
what is the second step of the process of fractional distillation of crude oil, after the crude oil is vaporised into gas and passed into the fractionating column?
as the gas rises up the column, it cools down, as the column is cooler at the top
what is the third step of the process of fractional distillation of crude oil after the gas his risen up the column and cooled?
when the hydrocarbons reach a temperature lower than thri boiling point, they condense into a liquid which. iscollected into trays and drained out
why do the longer chain hydrocarbons condense lower down the fractionating column?
the longer chain hydrocarbons condense lower down the fractionating column because they have higher boiling points
why do the shorter chain hydrocarbons condense at the top of the fractionating column?
the shorter chain hydrocarbons condense at the top of the fractionating column because they have lower boiling points
list the components (fractions) of crude oil, starting with the highest boiling point component
bitumen, heavy fuel oil, diesel oil, kerosene, petrol and liquified petroleum gas
what are diesel, kerosene, and petrol used for?
they are used as fuels for vehicles
how are hydrocarbons formed from crude oil used as feedstock by the petrochemical industry?
they can be used to make new compounds - e.g. polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents
why do short-chain hydrocarbons make good fuels?
they are very flammable and volatile so they are easy to combust for energy
why are long-chain hydrocarbons bad fuels?
they are not very flammable or volatile, meaning that they are hard to combust for energy
do hydrocarbons with long or short chains have a lower boiling point?
hydrocarbons with shorter chains have lower boiling points
are hydrocarbons with long or short chains collected at the top of the fractionating column?
hydrocarbons with shorter chains are collected at the top of the fractionating column
what happens to the temperature as you move higher up the fractionating column?
the temperature is cooler towards the top of the fractionating column
