Plant Tissues, Organs and Systems

Epidermal tissue covers the entire plant and has a __________ which helps reduce water loss from the leaf surface.

waxy cuticle

Palisade mesophyll tissue contains lots of __________ which allows photosynthesis to progress at a rapid rate.

chloroplasts

Spongy mesophyll tissue has lots of air spaces which allow __________ to diffuse in and out.

gases (including oxygen and carbon dioxide)

The xylem is made up of dead cells which form a continuous hollow __________ to allow the movement of water and mineral ions.

tube

The xylem is strengthened by __________, which makes the vessel strong and waterproof.

lignin

The phloem is made up of elongated __________ cells.

living

In the phloem, cells have sieve plates that connect them together, allowing __________ to move through plates into other cells.

cell sap

Meristem tissue is made up of stem cells which can __________ into many different cell types.

differentiate

The leaf organ contains the epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem, and __________ cells.

guard

Guard cells control the __________ of the stomata according to the water content of the plant.

opening and closing

Stomata allow the control of __________ exchange and water loss from the leaf.

gaseous

There are more stomata on the base of the leaf to minimize __________ as this side is cooler and shaded.

water loss

Root hair cells allow the uptake of water and mineral ions from the __________.

soil

Root hair cells have a large __________ to maximize the rate of absorption.

surface area

Translocation is the movement of dissolved __________ from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

sugars

Transpiration is the __________ of water vapour from the surface of a plant.

evaporation

Water evaporates from the leaf surface via the __________.

stomata

Water molecules cohere together, pulling more water up the xylem in an unbroken __________.

column

Increasing the temperature increases the rate of __________.

transpiration

Higher relative humidity will reduce the water vapour __________ gradient.

concentration

Increasing wind speed/air movement increases the rate of __________.

transpiration

The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity, so more __________ open.

stomata