Chapter 14: Lifespan Nutrition During Childhood and Adolescence

What changes in nutritional needs occur as children age from 4 to 8 years?

They grow at a slower rate than infants/toddlers and lose baby teeth.

How do healthy diets impact physical and mental development in children?

They help prevent future health issues.

What is the caloric requirement range for girls aged 4-8 years?

1,200 - 1,800 calories.

What is the caloric requirement range for boys aged 4-8 years?

1,200 - 2,000 calories.

What percentage of daily calories should come from carbohydrates for children?

45-65%.

What percentage of daily calories should come from protein for children?

10-30%.

What percentage of daily calories should come from fat for children?

25-35%.

How many grams of fiber do children need per day?

17-25 grams.

What is the importance of variety in children's diets?

it ensures they receive a wide range of nutrients needed for growth, development, and overall health.

Which nutrients are critical for bone health in children?

Calcium and vitamin D.

What is a consequence of vitamin D deficiency in children?

It may require supplementation.

What are the recommended levels of vitamin A for children aged 4-8 years?

400 mcg.

What are the recommended levels of calcium for children aged 4-8 years?

800 mg.

What are the recommended levels of iron for children aged 4-8 years?

10 mg.

What factors influence children's eating habits?

Family dynamics, media influence, and peer pressure.

How can parents encourage healthy food choices in children?

Involve them in grocery shopping and meal preparation.

What percentage of U.S. households with children face food insecurity?

20%.

What deficiencies can affect development in children?

Iron, zinc, protein deficiencies.

How many children utilize the National School Lunch Program?

Over 31 million children.

What dietary guidelines must school lunches meet?

Federal dietary guidelines.

What percentage of children are affected by food allergies?

Around 3 million.

What are some common allergens for children?

Peanuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, shellfish.

What is a characteristic of food intolerances?

It lacks an immune response and can cause discomfort.

From where can lead toxicity be sourced?

Lead-based paint, plumbing, and soil.

Who is particularly susceptible to lead toxicity?

Children under 6 years.

What are some health risks from lead toxicity?

Developmental issues and neurological damage.

What marks the beginning of adolescence?

Onset of puberty.

What are the two age groups of adolescence?

9-13 years and 14-18 years.

What physiological changes occur during adolescence?

Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.

When do girls typically stop growing taller?

Around age 16.

When do boys typically continue growing?

Until ages 18-20.

What is the caloric requirement for girls aged 14-18 years?

1,800 to 2,400 calories per day.

What is the caloric requirement for boys aged 14-18 years?

2,000 to 3,200 calories per day.

What are the key vitamins needed during adolescence?

Vitamins D, K, B12.

What is the recommended intake of calcium during puberty for adolescents?

1,300 mg.

What are the types of eating disorders prevalent in adolescents?

Anorexia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa.

What are some causes of obesity in childhood and adolescence?

Larger portion sizes, limited access to healthy foods, sedentary lifestyle.

What are the health risks associated with childhood obesity?

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.

What is the recommended limit for added sugars in children?

100–150 calories per day.

What is the recommended daily physical activity for children?

60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity.

What program encourages active lifestyles among youth?

Let’s Move!

What nutrient is vital for preventing osteoporosis during adolescence?

Calcium.

What conditions can arise from iron deficiency in adolescents?

Anemia and hindered growth.

What are some consequences of food insecurity in children?

Impeded overall health and nutrient access.

What physical change occurs in adolescent girls during puberty?

Onset of menstruation.

What triggers the development of reproductive organs in boys?

Sex hormones influence.

What is the recommended intake of iron for girls aged 12-18?

15 mg/day.

What is the significance of fiber in children’s diets?

Fiber-rich intake is emphasized for health.

What is the recommended intake of Vitamin C for adolescents?

45 mg.