CPAR (Q2 Lec 6-9)

Pre-Colonial

Through migration and trade during this period, there was a lively cultural interchange between the Philippines and other Asian countries. This helped Philippines to develop their own way of living. their own culture such as pottery, weaving, wood carving, jewelry, etc.

Paintings

• Introduced by Spaniards during 16th century.

• They use this as a religious propaganda.

• This refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface.

• Surfaces for this include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.

• This is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and width

Forms

can be created using a wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal.

Easel Painting

• This perhaps the most common form of painting which involves applying color to a board or canvas that is fixed on an upright support called an easel.

• These are meant to be framed and hanged on a wall after creating them.

Murals

• This is described as a huge wall-sized painting used to impart messages to the public. A new form of.

• This was developed in order to prevent the mural from being erased from the wall which was created by using bold strokes in applying bright colors on pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.

Telon Painting

This describes as a backdrop or background for the stage which are used for komedya, sarswela, and sinakulo, the popular forms of theater in the country.

Calesa Painting

This is typically painted using one color. The borders of this are decorated with geometric patters, repetitive patters, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney Painting

This evolved from calesa painting. Typically a logo, number, or painting is covered near the driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent to it.

Collage

• This refers to a form of painting that involves combine images in a single artwork.

• This entails cutting and pasting materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and other relatively flat materials onto a board or canvas

Dance

Refers to the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.

Banga

Illustrates the grace and strength of women in the Kalinga tribe of Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR). Women performing this balance heavy pots on their heads while dancing to beat of wind chimes.

Lumagen or Tachok

It is performed to celebrate happy occasions. When this is performed, it is meant to symbolize flying birds and is musically paired to the beat of gongs.

Salisid

It is the dance to show courtship. In this dance, a male and a female performer represent a rooster attempting to attract a hen.

Malakas at Maganda

It is a national folklore dance. It tells the story of the origin of the Filipino people on the islands.

Binaylan

This tells the story of a hen, the hen’s baby, and a hawk. In this dance, the hawk is said to control a tribe’s well-being, and is killed by hunters after attempting to harm the hen’s baby.

Tinikling

Take two long bamboo sticks rapidly and in rhythm, clap sticks for dancers to artistically and daringly try to avoid getting their feet caught between them.

Singkil

There are four bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-tac-toe pattern in which the dancers exploit every position of these clashing sticks. It is identifiable with the use of umbrellas and silk clothing.

Pangalay

• It is a traditional Tausug dance, from Jolo and Tawi-tawi, characterized by elaborate body postures and gestures and the graceful arm and hand movement of the dancer, amplified by the use of janggay or metal claws.

• The dance is performed to the music of the kuintangan, gandang, agong. and gabang.

• Commonly reffered to as the fingernail dance, This is usually performed during weddings and other festive celebrations.

Weaving

• This is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.

• Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting.

• The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filling.

• The method in which these threads are inter-woven affects the characteristics of the cloth

Weft

An old English word meaning “that which is woven“; compare leave and left.

Textile Weaving

This refers to the process of creating cloth by interweaving a series of parallel vertical threads with another series of horizontal threads at right angles.

Mat Weaving

This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats“. These mats, locally known as banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

Basketry

This refers to the art of creating containers by weaving, plaiting or braiding materials into hollow three dimensional shapes that can either be used for carrying, storage and trapping animals.

Kalakat Weaving

The process used on the oil palm fronds into product in thru pruning the green stalk, then splitting and cleaning the fronds, drying, weaving and cutting or trimming the edges.

Kalakat sheets

Are primarily used as a cheap but durable construction material. It is a preferred material for housing and resort cottages because of its cool and insulator characteristics. It is environment friendly as it utilizes basically an agricultural waste material.

Kalakat

Famous in Mindanao that is useful in many ways like ceiling and walling in a traditional house of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs). Nowadays, it is used not only by the IPs but the common residents as well.

Spoliarium (Juan Luna)

The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the body carnage brought by gladiatorial matches. This is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions.

Planting Rice

Truest Filipino culture, this is the theme that composes most of Fernando Amorsolo’s artworks. The painting is set on the rice field wherein farmers, regardless of their gender, are on with their usual work under a bright sunny day.

Rice planting

This is still applicable until the present time.

Tinikling

• A traditional folk dance which originates from the Spanish colonial era. The dance imitates the movement of the tikling birds as they dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers.

• This is one of the oldest dances from the Philippines and originated in the islands of Leyte in Visayas.

• According to the legends, this was started by people who worked in the paddies and farms of the Philippines

Maglalatik

• It is indigenous dance from the Philippines in which coconut shell halves that are secured onto the dancers’ hands and on vests upon which are hung four or six more coconut shell halves.

• The dancers are all male - perform the dance by hitting one coconut shell with the other.

• Originally performed in Binan, Laguna as a mock-war dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians over the prized latik or coconut meet during the Spanish rule.

• The dance is also known to pay tribute to the town’s patron saint, San Isidro Labrador.

The Oblation

• A concrete statue by Filipino artist Guillermo E. Tolentino which serves as the iconic symbol of the University of the Philippines.

• It depicts a man facing upward with arms outstretched, symbolizing selfless offering of oneself to his country. it’s pose of self-offering represents Tolentino’s interpretation of Rizal’s second stanza - “unknown heroes who fell during the night.“

• The statue height is 3.5 meters symbolizers three and a half centuries of Spanish colonial rule.

Dynamics of change in the environment

The traditional and contemporary artists’ mode of production continues to be affected by this.

Environment

is considered of its utmost importance - this is where resources are gathered and shared, and where culture is performed.

Tourism

Land areas are converted into sites for tourist consumption. In this situation, ecological domains may become more vulnerable to damage with the combines forces of natural disasters and tourist mobility.

Militarization

The insecurity and tensions brought about by militarized zone apprehend the people’s ability to create art. It prevents people from having communal gatherings, where exchanges and passing of knowledge can take place.

Christianization

The influence of Christianity and the convention of the natives to a foreign religion have affect the preservation o their indigenous rituals and traditions.

National Commission for Culture and the Arts

This is overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture, and an executing agency for the policies it formulates. (Dumandan, 2019)

Cultural Center of the Philippines

This is the leading institution for the arts and culture in the Philippines by promoting artistic excellence and nurturing the broadest publics to participate in art making and appreciation. (Dumandan, 2019)

National Museum

This is an educational, scientific, and cultural institution that acquires, documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and public appreciation of works of art, specimens, and cultural and historical artifacts representative of the unique cultural heritage of the Filipino people and the natural history of the Philippines. (Dumandan, 2019)

Metropolitan Museum of the Philippines

This is one of the major museums in the Philippines.

• The museum was among the first to develop and extend its audience by embracing the philosophy of art for all, adopt a bilingual approach in exhibition texts, and implement a vigorous education and community outreach program.

• The museum seeks to amplify the Filipino’s sense of artistic and cultural heritage from the past and in contemporary global contexts and experiences (Dumandan, 2019)

Ben Cab Museum

This houses the permanent collection of Philippine National Artist Benedicto Cabera in several galleries as well as venues for art shows and exhibitions.

• It is committed to the promotion of arts, and the preservation, convention, and protection of the environment and culture and traditions of the Cordilleras.

• This commitment of the museum is an expression of the artist’s gratitude to the country that nurtured and inspired an artistic career that continues to grow, mature, and fascitate. (Dumandan 2019)

Air Fair Philippines

This is the premier platform for exhibiting and selling the best in modern and contemporary Philippine visual art. The fair aims to mirror the vibrant local art scene and continue to generate support for Filipino art practitioners. (Dumandan, 2019)

ManilART

This is the Philippines’ premier international art fair. It showcases the best in contemporary visual arts for the development and promotion of Filipino art and culture locally and internationally.

• elevates the standards and celebrates the dynamic Philippine art scene through various art exhibitions connecting world class artists, institutions, and the community.

• Reinforces the awareness of and the appreciation for Philippine visual arts by merging it with other disciplines through lectures, workshops, demonstrations, and other activates with the support from both local and foreign exhibitors (Dumandan, 2019)

Finale Art File

This is considered as a premier gallery institution in the Philippines.

• It showcased hundreds of exhibits by some of the most talented names in a contemporary visual art.

• It successfully balanced the demands of a commercial establishment and an artistic venue.

• This gallery occasionally features experimental works that push artistic bondaries and challenge audience expectation (Dumandan, 2019)

Kublai Art Gallery and Davao Contemporary Art Gallery

This is a unique cultural expression of Davao’s visual arts. The gallery showcases various works by Mindanao’s famed artist Kublai Ponce-Millan, as well as different artists from the city. (Dumandan, 2019)

Thirteen Artists Awards

This marks the turnings in and of the Philippine contemporary art, to update its modernizing potential and to assess how artists today engage with other forces in the art world (Dumandan, 2019)

Medium

Is defined as the material, or the substance out of which a work is made. Through these materials, the artists express and communicate feelings and ideas.

Sculpture

uses metal, wood, clay and glass. It is the branch of the visual art that operates in three-dimension because it occupies space and has a volume. One form of this is pottery and the notable examples are Guillerno Tolentino’s Oblation, Bulul woodcarvings from the Cordilleras and carvings of saints in Christian churches by Santos

Architecture

uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete, and various building materials. It is the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

Paintings

uses pigments like watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink on a usually flat ground such as wood, canvas, paper and stonewall used in cave paintings.

Printmaking

uses ink normally on paper but can also be used on woods, metal, plates, or silkscreens.

Prints

is classified as two-dimensional because they include the surface or ground on which coloring substances are applied. This can be reproduced in several pre-determined editions.

Music

uses sounds and instruments (including the human voice)

Dance

uses the body and its movement and is often accompanied by music. It can tell stories, but at other times, they convey abstract ideas that do not rely on a narrative.

Theater

integrates all the arts and uses the stage, production design, performance elements, and script to enable the visual, musical, dance, and other aspects to come together as a whole work.

Photography and Filmmaking

capture the world using cameras.

Filmmaking

combines sound, design, and storytelling.

Digital Technology

replaces traditional film and chemicals with computer processing.

Pictorial Works

Paintings, drawing, graphics, and stage design (lighting, costumes, props, sets)

Dramatic Works

Drama, performance art, music, and dance

Narrative Works

Stores in drama, novels, fiction, nonfiction, music, and dance.

Wood Carving

This is an art that has been practiced all over the world but very avidly in Southeast Asia where great pieces of woodwork have been crafted throughout the ages.

Siem Reap

was a center of arts for many years during the Angkor Empire, with sculptures of Apsara.

Silk-screen printing

a long-used technique for printing designs on T-shirts, tote bags, paper, wood, and ceramics, popular in both commercial and artistic fields.

Analogue Photography

involves using a film camera to capture images. Light interacts with the film’s chemicals, creating an image the develops in a photo lab.

Film Production

involves creating a film through stages such as story development, screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording, editing, and screening.

Filmmaking

occurs globally in diverse contexts and uses various technologies and techniques. It often involves many people and can take months to years.

Filmmaker

typically oversees the entire process, often serving as both producer and director.

Digital Photography

uses cameras with electronic sensors to capture images, which are then digitized and stored as computer files for further processing, viewing, publishing, or printing.

Digital Filmmaking

is now standard, allowing for creative uses of digital media and faster production. Flexible digital cameras and editing software like Final Cut Pro Studio have simplified the process and reduced costs.

Music Production

led by a record producer, involves managing the creative process financial aspects, and collaboration with sound engineers. The producer’s role in crucial in determining the quality and success of an album.

Industrial Design

blends art and engineering, requiring drawing skills, creatively, and technical knowledge. Designers often specialize in industries like medical, automotive, or technology.

Robotics

is interdisciplinary field combining computer science and engineering, focusing on designing, constructing, and operating robots. Its goal is to create intelligent machines that assist and ensure safety in daily like.

Collage

The technique of an art production used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from on assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. This may sometimes include magazines and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paints, bits or colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued to a piece.

Decollage

The opposite of collage. It is created by cutting treating away, or otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The French word of this in English means “Take-Off “or “To become Unglued “

Graffiti

Writing or drawings that have been scribed, scratched or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often in a public space. This ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, may express underlying social and political messages, and a whole genre of artistic expression is based spray paint graffiti styles.

Land Art (Earthwork or Earth Art)

Is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricable linked. It is also art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock, organic media, and water which introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments.

Mixed Media

Refers to artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed. It refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art media. It refers to a work of visual art the combines various traditionally distinct visual art media.

Warp

The longitudinal threads in weaving.

Weft

The lateral threads in weaving.