ORAL COMMUNICATION

Defining Communication

is an integral part of our daily lives, enabling us to connect, share, and exchange thoughts, ideas, and information with one another.

Communication

• is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups

• fundamental aspect of human interaction that enables understanding, connection,

Types of communication

Verbal communication

Nonverbal communication

Written communication

Visual communication

Verbal communication

• One of the most common and familiar forms of human interaction.

• It involves the use of spoken words and active listening to convey messages between individuals.

Nonverbal communication

• involves expressing messages through body language, gestures, and facial expressions.

• It is a powerful means of communication that can complement, reinforce, or sometimes contradict verbal messages.

Written communication

• Is another vital form of human expression, especially in today's digital age.

• It involves conveying messages, information, or ideas through written words.

Visual communication

• Utilizes images, graphics, infographics, charts, and diagrams to convey information effectively.

• This is particularly useful when presenting complex data or concepts in a visually appealing and easy-to-understand manner.

Nature of communication

• Effective communication is essential for building relationships, resolving conflicts, and achieving successful outcomes.

Sender

Message

Receiver

Channel

Feedback

Noise

Elements of communication

Sender

• Is the individual who initiates the communication process by formulating and transmitting a message.

• The sender's intention is to convey information, ideas, or emotions to the receiver.

Message

• Is the core content of the communication, consisting of the information, ideas, or emotions that the sender intends to share with the receiver.

Receiver

• Is the individual or group who receives and interprets the message.

• The effectiveness of communication relies heavily on the _______ ability to comprehend and interpret the message accurately.

Channel

Feed back

Noise

Context

Noise

Culture and language

Factors affecting communication

The Communication process model

• emphasize the dynamic and interactive nature of communication

Encoding

Transmitting

Decoding

Feedback

Steps in the process

Encoding

• The sender formulate the message by translating their thoughts, ideas or emotions into a communicable form.

• This process involve choosing the appropriate words.

Transmitting

• Once the message is encoded, the sender transmit it through a chosen communication channel

Decoding

• interprets and signs meaning to the message based their understanding.

Feedback

• after decoding the message, the receiver provides a response or reaction to the center.

Berlo’s SMCR model

Shannon and weaver

Schramm’s cyclical model of communication (1963)

Dance helical model (1972)

Wood (1982)

Models of communication

Source/reciever

Communication skill

attitude

knowledge

social system

culture

message

content

elements

treatment

structure

code

channel

Berlo’ SMCR model of communication

Communication skills

attitude

knowledge

social system

culture

Source/Receiver

Communication skills

• Includes speaking, listening, writing, and reading

Attitude

• Our disposition in engaging in the communicative interaction

Knowledge

• The information about the subject matter of the communication the communicator possess

Social system

• Social intuition the structures we belong to and are aware of

Culture

• Is it composed of both and ineffable and tangible, principles and practices we share with others in our community

Contact

element

treatment

structural

code

Message

Content

• Refers to what the speaker wants to convey

elements

• The nonverbal expression that accompanied the subject matter

Treatment

• Describes the manner in which the speaker intentionally relies the message to the listener

Hearing

Seeing

Touching

Smelling

Testing

Channel

Shannon and Weaver model

• Highlights the _______ or technical aspect of the process of communication.

• Also introduce the concept of “noise”, a communication element that interferes in our sending and receiving of messages

Schramm’s Cyclical model of communication (1963)

• Renders that communication is a cyclical not linear. It underscores that we communicate or exchange the roles of speakers and listener when we interact

Dance Helical Model (1972)

• Shows how communicator take on various roles in the society.

• communication is irreversible because we move forward and can never go back when we communicate with one another

Wood (1982)

• Emphasize importance of the element of time in achieving effective communication

• Transactional model, also known as symbolic interaction communication where in words submits the each one of us has our own phenomenal world

Informal

formal

source (speaker) factors in communication

Classification of communication

Informal

• Describes non-prepared speech

Formal

• Describes well planned often written out

• Involves a great deal of preparation

Source factor in communication

• The audience perception of the source is the key factor in determining the effectiveness of the message

Competence

trustworthiness

dynamism

power

Goodwill

idealism

empathy

Different dimensions to determine credibility of a resource speaker

Competence

• The audience evaluates the speaker as to their knowledge of the subject.

Trustworthiness

• Covers the reliability of the speaker

Dynamism

• it is an electricity of life.

Power

• The physical figure standing before an audience depicts power.

Goodwill

• Do they speak with sincerity coming from the heart?

Idealism

• The speaker is evaluated as a having values worthy of emulation

Emphathy

• can his audience put himself in his shoes.

• Does he have emotional intelligence?

Intrapersonal

interpersonal

public

small group discussion

mass communication

Levels Of Comm

Intrapersonal

• The prefix “intra” means within or inside

• it is the basis for the other two levels of communication the origin of most communication problems

Interpersonal

• involves two person or a relatively small number of people

• most of our daily communicative experience take place

Public

• involves communication between you and several other people

Small group discussion

• A number of person from three to approximately 15 people interact to achieve a common purpose

Mass communication

• Communication between one or a few people to unseen audience, using prints or electronic

Communication function

• Refers to how people use language for different purposes

• refers to how language is effective by time and situation

Regulation/control

motivation

social interaction

information dissemination

emotional expression

Five major functions of communication

regulation/control

• One uses communication to control actions or behavior

Motivation

• Communication is a tool that can be used to inspire or urge other people to lead better lives.

social interaction

• Communication is used to make social connection.

• It is used to build bonds, intimacy, and relationships.

Information Dissemination

• The one uses communication to convey useful information

Emotional expression

• Refers to expression of love, fears, joy, anger, Hope or any emotion

Language barrier,

physical barrier

emotional barrier

cultural barrier

Barriers in communication

Communication barrier

• Are any factors that prevents us from effectively exchanging and understanding messages

Lost communication

• Communication barriers can lead to miss opportunities.

Miscommunication

• Communication barriers can lead to misunderstanding or conflict

Negative impacts

• Communication barriers can create _________ on relationship, both personal and professional

Language barrier

• people who speak different language attempt to interact

• This can prevent people from understanding each other

Emotional barrier

• is a psycho psychological barrier that prevents people from fully expressing their emotions or feelings to one another

Cultural barrier

• Are the different language, costumes and beliefs that may exist between people to different culture and societies