Parasitology Test Review

Parasitology Test Review Flashcards

What are the intermediate hosts of Trypanosoma spp?

Triatomine insect: Kissing bug (Triatoma spp, Rhodnius spp)

Where can Trypanosoma spp. be located in a host?

Macrophages, blood stream, muscle, different organs (heart, esophagus, bowel)

How is Trypanosoma spp. diagnosed?

Stained blood smear, serologic test, agglutination test

What are the intermediate hosts of Leishmania spp?

Lutzomyia spp, Phlebotomus spp (Sandflies)

Where can Leishmania spp be located in a host?

Cutaneous (skin), Visceral (other organs)

How is Leishmania spp diagnosed?

Skin scraping (stained), Serologic testing

What are the clinical findings associated with Trichomonas foetus?

Abortion, vaginitis, pyometra, uterine discharge, endometritis, aborted fetus (granulomatous bronchopneumonia, necrotic enteritis). Note: No lesions in males.

How is Trichomonas foetus diagnosed?

History of embryonic death or early fetal death, clinical findings, agent's ID (placental fluids, abomasal content from aborted fetus, uterine and sheath washes - sample taking in males: skin scraping)

What are the morphological forms of Giardia intestinalis?

Cyst and Trophozoite

Describe the clinical findings associated with Giardia intestinalis

Greasy diarrhea

How is Giardia intestinalis diagnosed?

Direct fecal flotation (wet mount), Faust flotation technique, Giardia antigen test

List the definite hosts of Emeria spp.

Swine, rabbit, poultry, small and large ruminants

Where is Emeria spp. located in the host?

Large intestine, cecum

How is Emeria spp. diagnosed?

Coprologic examination, flotation technique, oocyst measurement, McMaster technique

List a host of Isospora spp

Swine

Where is Isospora spp. located in the host?

Small intestine

How is Isospora spp diagnosed?

Coprologic examination, flotation technique, oocyst measurement, McMaster technique. (Unsporulated oocyst; Sporulated oocyst)

What are the hosts Cystoisospora canis and Cystoisospora ohioensis?

Dogs

What are the hosts Cystoisospora felis and Cystoisospora rivolta?

Cats

How is Cystoisospora spp diagnosed?

Coprologic examination, flotation technique, McMaster technique

How is Cryptosporidium spp diagnosed?

Kinyoun technique, Ziehl-Neelsen stain

What process occurs within a cat that becomes infected with Toxoplasma gondii by eating animals with tissue cysts?

In the cat’s intestine, the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction, forming oocysts. The cat sheds unsporulated oocysts in its feces.

How do humans get infected by Toxoplasma gondii?

Eating undercooked meat with tissue cysts, ingestion of contaminated water, food or soil, or congenital transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy.

What are the locations of Toxoplasma gondii in an indefinite host?

Different tissues and organs: muscles, central nervous system (CNS), eye, uterus (can cause abortion in cattle).

How is Toxoplasma gondii diagnosed?

Fecal flotation, serologic testing (IgM, IgG), ELISA (CSF, tissues), PCR (CSF, tissues)

How do dogs get infected with Neospora caninum?

Eating the tissue cysts. Inside the dogs intestine, Neospora undergoes sexual reproduction and produces oocysts. Dog shed oocysts in their feces, these contaminates foods, water or environment and becomes infected in the environment.

What are routes of Neospora caninum infection in cattle?

Vertical transmission (congenital)- the infection passes from a pregnant cow to the fetus via the placenta. The tissue cysts with bradyzoites persist in the muscle and nervous tissues of intermediate hosts

How is Neospora caninum diagnosed?

Abortion, ELISA, Histology (brain, spinal cord, heart)

How is Sarcocystis spp contracted?

They become infected by eating raw meat containing sarcocysts (muscle cysts) from intermediate hosts like cattle, sheep, pigs, horses.

What is the location of Sarcocystis spp in a definite host?

Small intestine

How is Sarcocystis spp diagnosed?

ELISA, Histology, Fecal flotation

What are the intermediate hosts of Babesia spp?

Equine, bovine, goat, pig, dogs, cats, humans

What are the clinical findings associated with Babesia spp?

Quick onset of clinical signs (7 days), lethargy, weakness, depression, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia

How is Babesia spp diagnosed?

History + clinical signs, blood smear, serologic testing, ELISA, PCR

List the intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica.

Amphibian snails (Lymmnae spp, Fossaria spp)

Where is Fasciola hepatica located in the host?

Liver (bile duct), Lungs: erratic location

Describe the clinical signs associated with Fasciola hepatica

Digestive problems, progressive weight loss, anemia, submandibular edema, milk spots

How is Fasciola hepatica diagnosed?

Sedimentation technique

What are the hosts of Paramphistomum spp?

Definite host: Ruminants, Indefinite host: Amphibian snails (Planorbis spp, Fossaria spp)

Name a location of Paramphistomum spp

Small intestine (immature parasites), Rumen, Reticulum

How is Paramphistomum spp diagnosed?

Sedimentation technique

What are the indefinite hosts of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Crayfish, Crabs

How is Paragonimus kellicotti diagnosed?

Identification of eggs in tracheal lavage or feces by sedimentation technique

Describe Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna

Host: Equids; Intermediate host: Orbitad mites (family: OribaAdidae)

Describe eggs of Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna

Asymmetrical egg, double membrane, embryo, pyriform apparatus, 50-80 micrometers

How is Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna diagnosed?

Flotation technique

Describe Moniezia expansa/benedeni

Definite Host: Ruminants; Intermediate host: OribaAid mites (Family: OribaAdidae)

How is Moniezia expansa/benedeni diagnosed?

Flotation technique

Which intermediate hosts belong to Dipylidium caninum?

Fleas (Ctenocephalides spp), Lice (Trichodectes canis, Felicola subrostratus)

How is Dipylidium caninum diagnosed?

Flotation technique

What are the defining characteristics of the Taenia spp egg?

Hexacanth embryo, Striated shell

What are the hosts of Echinococcus granulosus?

Definite host: Dogs; Intermediate Host: Ruminants

How is Echinococcus granulosus diagnosed?

Flotation technique, Graham test

List the definite host for Taenia saginata.

Humans. Intermediate host: Ruminants

List the definite host for Taenia solium

Humans only. Intermediate host: humans and swine.

What are the egg characteristics of Ascarids spp (Ascaris suis)?

3 shells: Albuminous, Chitinous, Lipid. Central germ cell

What are the clinical findings associated with Ascarids spp?

Fever, cough and tachypnea (during pulmonary migration), diarrhea, weight loss

How are Ascarids spp diagnosed?

Flotation technique

What are the egg characteristics of Oxyurids spp?

Elliptic shaped, one flat side, operculum

Which species of Strongyloides infects ruminants?

Strongyloides papillosus

Which species of Strongyloides infects equids?

Strongyloides westeri

Which species of Strongyloides infects dogs and humans?

Strongyloides stercolaris

Which species of Strongyloides infects swine?

Strongyloides ransomi

How is Strongyloides spp diagnosed?

Flotation technique

Where is Strongylus spp located?

Cecum and colon

How is Strongylus spp diagnosed?

Clinical findings, flotation technique, McMaster technique

How is Haemonchus spp diagnosed?

Flotation technique, McMaster technique, Coproculture

How is Ostesrtagia spp diagnosed?

Flotation technique, McMaster technique, Coproculture

Name a clinical sign of Anclyostoma caninum

Anemia, respiratory signs, dermatitis, weight loss, bloody diarrhea

How is Anclyostoma caninum diagnosed?

Flotation technique

What are the risk factors of Oslerus (Filaroides) osleri?

An infected bitch can transfer it to its pups through saliva while licking and cleaning them

How is Oslerus (Filaroides) osleri diagnosed?

Bronchoscopy for nodules, tracheal wash for adults, Baermann technique for larvae

How is Aelurostronglyus abstrutus diagnosed?

Signs, Baermann technique, Radiographs

Which species of lung worm infects small ruminants?

Dictyocaulus filaria, Meullerius capillaries, Protostrongylus rufescens

Which spcies of lung worm infects bovine?

Dictyocaulus viviparus

Which species of lung worm infects equine?

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

Which species of lung worm infects swine?

Metastrongylus spp

How are lung worms in large animal diagnosed?

Baermann technique for larvae 1, Flotation technique if suspected Dictyocaulus and Metastrongylus spp eggs

What are of Equids are gastric spuruids (Habronema microstoma, Habronema muscae, Draschia megastoma)

Equids [Definite host]; Location: Stomach, wounds (summer soars)

How are Gastric spuruids in equids diagnosed?

Clinical findings, cutaneous lesions, flotation technique, gastric lavage

How is Onchocerca spp diagnosed?

Clinical findings, Knoh technique, Biopsy

How is Trichuris spp (Whipworm) diagnosed?

Flotation technique

How is Eucoleus aerophilus diagnosed?

Identification of the egg in broncho-alveolar lavage or feces by flotation technique

What are the risk factors of Pearsonema (Capillaria) plica?

Dogs and cats with access to earthworms that contain L1

How is Pearsonema (Capillaria) plica diagnosed?

Sedimentation technique with urine

What are the types of lice?

Biting lice (Mallophaga) and sucking lice (Anoplura)

How are lice diagnosed?

Clinical findings, direct observation, lice ID

What species of fleas infect cats?

Ctenocephalides felis [Large head, ctenidia, 6 legs]

What species of fleas infect dogs?

Ctenocephalides canis [Rounded head, ctenidia, 6 legs]

How are fleas diagnosed?

Direct observation of the insects

In what type of wound Cochlionyia hominivorax lay their eggs?

Open wound

Where are Gasterophilus spp located within the host?

Stomach and duodenum

Where are Hypoderma spp (Warble fly) located within the host?

Subcutaneous tissue

Where are Dermatobia hominis located within the host?

Subcutaneous tissue

Which ticks are hard ticks?

Amblyomma spp, Dermacentor spp , Ixodes spp, Rhipicephalicus sanguineus, Rhipicephalicus (Boophilus) spp

What types of life cycles do ticks have?

3 host and 1 host

Examples of 3 host ticks

Amblyomma spp, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Examples of 1 host ticks

Otobius megnini, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)

How are ticks diagnosed?

Skin swelling, Alopecia, Blood loss

Where are Demodex located in the host?

Hair follicle , Sebaceous glands