Ghana's first president, known for Pan-Africanism and state-led development, later embraced dictatorship.
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Charles de Gaulle
French president who facilitated Algeria's independence, emphasizing direct appeals to the populace.
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3
Ho Chi Minh
Vietnamese leader promoting nationalism and communism against colonial rule.
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4
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Egyptian president who nationalized industries and advocated Pan-Arab unity, blending socialism with Islam.
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5
one-party state
A political system allowing only one political party to operate, often leading to authoritarianism.
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6
Algerian War for Independence
A conflict from 1954 to 1962 between France and Algerian nationalists fighting for independence.
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7
Algerian Civil War
A violent conflict beginning in 1991, rooted in political unrest over one-party rule and Islamist movements.
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8
Suez Crisis
The 1956 international crisis following Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal, involving military intervention by Israel, Britain, and France.
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9
Biafran Civil War
A conflict from 1967 to 1970 in Nigeria, sparked by the secession of the Igbo people seeking independence.
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10
Quiet Revolution
A period in the 1960s in Quebec marked by significant social, economic, and political changes aimed at increasing French Canadian identity and independence.
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11
Muslim League
Political group advocating for the rights of Muslims in India, leading to the creation of Pakistan.
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12
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
A continental organization founded in 1963 to promote unity and cooperation among African states, often rejecting colonial influence.
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viet Cong
South Vietnamese guerrilla fighters supporting North Vietnam against U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War
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