Ch20: Vibrio Aeromonas, Campylobacter & Campylobacter-like spp

for lec quiz 2 finals and

Vibrio

• Common in fresh water, brackish water, estuarine water

• gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections

• (+) Oxidase, catalase, motile, MacConkey, glucose fermenter

• curved gram (-) rods or comma-shaped

• most are polar

• most are sheathed

• most are monotrichous/multitrichous flagella

• diameters: 0.5-0.8 um

• length: 1.4-2.6um

• temperature sensitive exceeding 20C

• risk of infection: undercooked seafood (esp to immunocompromised & underlying liver problems), severley immunocomp. px should avoid the 3 bodies of water mentioned above if they have wounds

• Facultative anaerobe

• most are halophilic but not all

0.5-0.8 um

diameter range of vibrio

1.4-2.6um

length range vibrio

Vibrio cholerae

○ Causative agent of cholera

• Severe watery diarrhea: can be life-threatening without proper treatment

(+) string test/ mucoid “stringing reaction” in

0.5% sodium deoxycholate

• NOT HALOPHILIC, does NOT addition of Na+/salt/sodium for growth

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio alginolyticus

2 Vibrio subspecies that can swarm on solid media due to production of lateral flagella

Vibrio metschnikovii

only vibrio that is Catalase (-), Oxidase (-), and to reduce nitrate to nitrite

• clinical infection: septicemia, peritonitis but occurs rarely

Vibrio cholerae O1

• Clinical infection: Cholera, gastroenteritis, wOund infections, bacteremia

(include serotype)

Vibrio cholerae O139

Clinical infection: Cholera

Frequency: common

(include serotype)

Vibrio cholerae non-O1

Clinical infection: Gastroenteritis, septicemia, brain abscesses, ear infection

Freq: Relatively common

(include serotype)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Clinical infections (common): gastroenteritis, wound infections

• second most common vibrio spp. in gastroenteritis after V. cholerae

• halophilic requirement: 1-8% NaCl

• associated with: oysters, clams, crabs, sardines, lobsters, shrimp, scallops

• improperly cooked seafood

• generally self-limiting

• symptoms begins: 24-48 hours

• Symptoms: watery diarrhea, moderate cramps, vomiting, low fever (if any)

• most produce heat-stable hemolysin (can lyse human RBC in Wagatsuma agar)

• Kanagawa toxin +

• Urease +

Kanagawa phenomenon

• possible association with hemolysin production

Wagatsuma agar

high-salt mannitol medium for Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus

Clinical infections (common): Wound infections, ear infections, conjunctivitis, respiratory infections, bacteremia.. eye infections also?

• least pathogenic among the 4 major vibrio

• strict halophile

• requires at least 1% NaCl

• tolerant up to 10% NaCl

• occupation hazards for fishermen & sailors

• NOT fastidious like all V.

• Specimen: body fluids, pus, tissues, and swabs in Cary-Blair medium

• Culture: Sheep Blood Agar, Chocolate agar

Vibrio vulnificus

Clinical infections (common): Septicemia, wound infections

• second most serious after cholera

• 2 categories of infections: primary septicemia & wound infections

• px with liver dysfunctions can have increased serum levels of iron

• septicemia can develop, more than 50% morality rate

• wound may present as cellulitis

Vibrio mimicus

Clinical infection (uncommon): Gastroenteritis, ear infections

• NOT HALOPHILIC, does not need sodium/salt for growth

Vibrio furnissii

Vibrio fluvialis

Clinical infection (uncommon): Gastroenteritis

Vibrio harveyi

clinical infections (rare): wound infections

Vibrio mimicus
Vibrio cholerae

All are halophilic except?

A1 subunit

__ stimulates production of adenylate cyclase through inactivation of G protein

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cAMP

A1 stimulates production of adenylate cyclase through inactivation of G protein. this leads to __.

• it stimulates hypersecretion of Na+, K+, HCO3-

oral fluids/intravenous

Cholera treatments are usually __ to replace fluids lost through diarrhea

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor

predominant biogroup of V. cholerae O1

• Vogues-Proskauer (+)

• hemolyzes erythrocytes

• agglutinates chicken red blood cells

• inhibited by polymyxin B (50ug)

Cary-Blair

usual spp are body fluids, pus, or tissues but swabs can be acceptable if transported in what medium?