chem last test study

Redox Reaction

electrons are transferred and oxidation numbers change.

metals to ions (vice versa)

cathode

reduction (higher #)

anode

oxidation (smaller #)

LEO says GER

An acronym meaning Lose Electrons = Oxidation, Gain Electrons = Reduction.

Oxidation Number

#up = oxidation

#down = Reduction

Ecell

The cell potential, calculated as Ecathode(Reduction) - Eanode(oxidation)

Spontaneous Reaction

positive e cell number = spontaneous

negative e cell number = not spontaneous

Galvanic Cell

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous reactions.

- Anode (oxidation, negative), Cathode (reduction, positive), Salt bridge.

- Electrons flow Anode -> Cathode.

Electrolytic Cell

A cell that requires electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction.

Anode = oxidation, Cathode = reduction (but needs power source).

Delta G

The change in free energy, related to spontaneity of a reaction.

Oxidation

The process of losing electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation number.

Reduction

The process of gaining electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation number.

Half Reactions

The representation of oxidation and reduction processes separately, indicating the loss and gain of electrons.