Experimental Designs

what is repeated measures?

design where same participants take part in each condition of experiment

what are strengths of repeated measures?

Fuel participant required so it is less costly and time-consuming

also use of same participants reduces participant variables

what are limitations of repeated measures?

order effects can occur. Participants may either experience practice effects or fatigue. Researchers can use counterbalancing which offer any order effects.

prone to demand characteristics

What are independent measures?

A design that uses two separate groups of participant, one group in each condition of the experiment

what are strengths of independent measures?

Avoid order effects, reduces demand characteristics making the results higher in validity

what are limitations of independent measures

More participant required, which makes design more expensive and time-consuming

participant variables may affect results

what are matched pairs?

pairs of participants are matched from the sample in terms of key variables such as age or IQ after participants are treated much like those in independent measures

what a strength of matched pairs?

Reduces participant variables and order effects are less of an issue

what are limitations of match pairs?

Impossible to match people exactly unless identical twins and more participants are required

What is counterbalancing?

Half of participants do condition are then be other half do be than a it’s done to overcome order effects

what is standardisation?

All participants in an investigation should be subjected in same environment information and experience

what is random allocation?

Decrease possibility of that participant variables or adversely affect results

what are investigator effects?

Where a researcher unconsciously/consciously act the way to support their prediction