IV Fluids/Fluid Alterations

water

gains/losses of _____ result in sodium imbalances

sodium

gains and losses of ______ result in water imbalances

hypotonic

hypertonic alterations are treated with _________ solutions

hypertonic

hypotonic alterations are treated with _________ solutions

hypovolemia

results from isotonic fluid loss, person will have loss of ECF volume with weight loss; dry skin/mucous membranes, etc

hypervolemia

results from isotonic fluid excess, person will experience plasma volume expansion and weight gain

hypernatremia

excess sodium, most common cause of hypertonic alteration

hypertonic

more water outside the cell causing the cell to shrivel, common sign is dehydration

isovolemic hypernatremia

free water deficit accompanied by normal sodium conc.

hyponatremia

low sodium conc. causing excess water in the cell, leading to cellular swelling

isovolemic hyponatremia

sodium deficit without significant loss of water, leading to hypothyroidism/pnemonia

hypervolemic hyponatremia

total body sodium level increases resulting in an increase of total body water and dilution of Na+ in ECF, leading to H2O retention, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome

hypovolemic hyponatremia

loss of total body water with greater loss of sodium, leading to severe vomiting/diarrhea, low aldost. secr., and renal losses

dilutional hyponatremia

compulsive water drinking causing water intoxication or inappropriate IV administration of D5W to replace fluid

crystalloids

IV solutions containing fluids and electrolytes that are normally found in the body (NO PROTEIN); ex: salines, lactated ringers, D5W

0.9% saline

which saline has the physiologically normal conc. of NaCl and is referred to as normal saline?

colloids

IV solutions containing protein substances